北京及周边地区奶牛长寿性变化趋势.与规律分析  

Analysis of Longevity and Culling Factors of Dairy Cattle in Beijing and Surrounding Areas

作　　者：邹杨 刘林[1,2] 廖艳丽 张海亮 王雅春[3] 赵凤[1,2] 张建聪[2] 侯自鹏 ZOU Yang;LIU Lin;LIAO Yan-li;ZHANG Hai-liang;WANG Ya-chun;ZHAO Feng;ZHANG Jian-cong;HOU Zi-peng(Beijing Dairy Cattle Center,Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Genetic,Breeding and Reproduction/Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Genetic,Breeding and Reproduction,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100192;Beijing Sunlon Livestock Ltd.Co.Ltd.Dairy Cattle Center,Beijing 100192;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]北京奶牛中心,奶牛遗传育种与繁殖北京市重点实验室/农业农村部奶牛遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,北京100192 [2]北京首农畜牧发展有限公司奶牛中心,北京100192 [3]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2023年第1期14-17,共4页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队。

摘　　要：奶牛的长寿性与牛场的经济效益息息相关。本研究利用2012年1月至2021年12月间北京及周边地区124个DHI参测牧场牛出生、产犊和离群记录来分析离群胎次、月度、季节以及产犊季节、月度对在群寿命和生产寿命的影响。结果表明,近10年北京及周边地区牧场淘汰奶牛的平均在群寿命为1699d,平均生产寿命为831.8d,平均利用胎次为2.65胎。2012-2015年统计群体长寿性能基本保持稳定,自2016年发生明显下滑,2017年跌至最低,自2018年又开始逐步恢复,2021年达到近十年历史最高水平。牧场中全年发生的淘汰事件并不均衡,秋冬季节是北京及周边地区牛群的淘汰高发季节;夏季产犊对牛的在群寿命和生产寿命影响显著。Longevity is highly related to the economic benefit of dairy farm.This paper obtained the birthdate,calving date,and culling date from January 2012 to December 2021,to analyze the culling parity,month,season,and the influence of calving season and month to herd life and productive life for dairy cattle from Beijing and surrounding areas.The results showed that the average herd life was 1699d,the average productive life was 831.8d,and the average utilized parity was 2.65.Culling occurred varied during the whole year,autumn and winter were higher culling seasons,primiparous cows calving in summer appeared the shortest herd life and productive life.

关 键 词：奶牛 长寿性 生产寿命 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]