健康公园健康人——依托自然保护地促进公共健康的国际经验  

Healthy Parks Healthy People:Global Experience in Promoting Public Health Through Protected Areas and the Inspirations to China

作　　者：钟乐 张毅 杨胜兰 张引 ZHONG Le;ZHANG Yi;YANG Shenglan;ZHANG Yin(the College of Horticulture&Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University;the Physical Education Department of Beijing Forestry University;the College of Horticulture&Forestry Sciences of Huazhong Agricultural University;the School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院 [2]北京林业大学体育教学部 [3]重庆大学建筑城规学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第1期38-44,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金“基于多维度适宜性评价的自然保护地体系重构研究”(编号2662020YLQD003);国家自然科学基金“空间正义视角下国家公园社区管理公平性测度及规划调控研究”(编号52108040);中国博士后基金面上项目“中国自然保护地社区管理公平性的空间分异及形成机制研究”(编号2021M700574)。

摘　　要：【目的】增加自然接触机会是实现全民健身、提升人民健康水平的重要路径,以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设是促进公众自然接触的新阵地,但国内研究相对不足。分析自然保护地促进公众健康的国际经验,为中国依托自然保护地体系促进公共健康、助力“健康中国”战略提供借鉴和启示。【方法】通过文献调研、内容分析、对比研究和个案分析,分析和借鉴以自然保护地促进公众健康的国际经验。【结果】系统梳理了国际自然保护地促进公众健康的全球运动——“健康公园健康人”(HPHP)的起源和发展,从愿景与目标、管理机构与合作伙伴、法律法规和战略规划等方面提取了澳大利亚、美国和欧盟等国家HPHP运动的共性。以美国HPHP体系为例,从国家、区域和保护地单元3个层面,解析了美国国家公园管理局多层级、专业化的公共健康促进策略,从明确定位、科学研究、政策制定、规划计划、多方合作、设施建设、活动策划7个方面总结了美国经验。【结论】由此提出针对中国开展自然保护地促进公共健康研究与实践的7点启示,分别为明确愿景及定位、加强科学研究、建构管理基础、编制多层级规划、发展广泛的伙伴关系、建设完善健康设施体系、开发设计多元化的活动。[Objective]This paper intends to provide inspiration and references for promoting public health in the protected area system by analyzing and comparing international experiences of the Healthy Parks Healthy People strategy globally.The exposure to natural environment and green spaces can increase the frequency of physical activities among urban and rural residents,which consequently enhances the immunity of body,reduces the potential risks of disease,and significantly improves the health level of the whole population in the full life cycle.Globally,protected areas have become a frontier that can provide opportunities to improve public contact with nature,as those large-size green spaces can extensively attract visitors and are likely to promote more enduring and intensive outdoor physical activities.Although such national programs as Protected Areas System Building in China and Healthy China Initiative have co-created an unprecedented historic opportunity to promote public health in the protected areas in China,it is still rare to see relevant researches and practice in China.The global movement of Healthy Parks Healthy People(HPHP)is widely identified as an effective approach to promoting public health in conservation areas.However,the experience of the movement has not been systematically studied or even noticed by Chinese scholars.In view of the aforementioned gaps,this research aims to achieve the following objectives:1)summarize the global origin and development of HPHP movement;2)identify representative countries that are successful in promoting HPHP,and draw lessons at national,regional and protected area scales;3)summarize the global experience of HPHP movement to promote public health in protected areas and expound on potential countermeasures adaptable to China’s protected area system.[Methods]By literature review and content analysis,this research collects materials about HPHP from relevant literature,official websites,government reports and other documents,to analyze the historical trends of HPHP an

关 键 词：风景园林 自然保护地 国家公园 健康中国 全民健身 自然接触 绿色暴露 

分 类 号：TU985.3/.7[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]