契约与人情——以中国传统买卖契约中的“摘留”纠纷为例  

Contract and Human Relation-Taking the“Part-retainment”Dispute in the Traditional Chinese Sales Contract as an Example

作　　者：凌鹏[1] LING Peng

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期176-188,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“中国传统社会中的土地与社会治理研究”(19CSH011)。

摘　　要：对于中国传统的契约,学界已经有了众多的讨论。不过,很多研究忽略了中国传统“契约”本身独特的意义,而将活卖、找价等理解为非常规的特殊现象。本文通过对中国传统田地买卖中的“摘留”习惯的研究,利用历代的契约以及巴县档案中的史料,总结出“摘留”习惯所具有的三个特征,即普遍存在、内容形式多样以及与契约链的密切关系。并在此基础上指出,传统中国社会中契约以及契约链的根本在于背后的人情关系与人际关系网,而“摘留”正是这一人情关系的最显著体现。同时,传统政府的认证与裁断,也是基于这一人际关系网而起作用。这一研究对理解当下的中国农村社会,也有重要的借鉴意义。There have been many discussions in academic circles about the traditional Chinese contract.However,many studies have ignored the unique meaning of the traditional Chinese“contract”itself,and interpreted“Flexible Selling”and“Additional Payments”as unconventional special phenomena.Based on the study of the habit of“Part-retainment”in traditional Chinese landscapes,using the contracts of the past dynasties and the historical materials in the Baxian archives,this paper summarizes the three characteristics of the habit of“Part-retainment”,which are“universal”,“diverse in content and forms”,and“related to the contract chain”.On this basis,it is pointed out that the contract and the contract chain in traditional Chinese society are rooted in the human relationship and interpersonal network behind it,and“Part-retainment”is the most significant embodiment of this human relationship.At the same time,it is proposed that the certification and judgment of the traditional government also work based on this interpersonal network.This study also has important reference significance for understanding the current rural society in China.

关 键 词：土地契约 契约链 摘留 人情 人际关系网 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]