宽带子波反褶积方法在致密储层地震资料处理中的应用  

Application of wideband wavelet deconvolution for tight oil exploration

作　　者：程朝辉 苑益军[1] 刘晟 范承祥 李子卉 李影 CHENG Zhaohui;YUAN Yijun;LIU Sheng;FAN Chengxiang;LI Zihui;LI Ying(School of Geophysics and Information Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球物理与信息技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《石油物探》2023年第1期119-129,共11页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41974157)资助。

摘　　要：随着油气勘探的不断深入,油气勘探目标逐步转向埋深大、频率低、地震响应不明显的致密砂岩储层,此类目标的勘探对地震资料的分辨率提出了更高要求。反褶积是提高地震资料分辨率的主要方法。常规反褶积方法在提高地震资料分辨率的同时,往往降低了地震资料的信噪比,故对后续的地震解释和储层预测产生较大影响。针对常规反褶积方法的不足,提出了宽带子波反褶积方法以提高叠前地震资料的分辨率。首先通过拓展Robinson褶积模型,消除噪声对反褶积因子的影响;然后根据多道统计原理,对地震子波进行分解,进行地表一致性自相关计算;进而求取最小相位子波,并以宽带子波作为期望输出求解反褶积因子,最终完成反褶积处理。将该方法分别应用于模型数据和实际地震资料的处理,获得了宽频带的地震资料,取得了良好的处理结果。与传统反褶积方法相比,宽带子波反褶积方法既能提高地震资料的分辨率,又能保持地震资料原有的信噪比,因此适用于致密砂岩储层地震资料处理。With the rapid development of oil and gas exploration in China,exploration targets are gradually shifting to unconventional tight oil fields with large burial depths,low frequencies,and weak seismic responses.Therefore,the industry has proposed higher requirements for seismic data resolution.Thus,it is crucial to predict underground tight oil reservoirs.Many deconvolution methods have played an important role in improving the resolution of seismic data.However,noise is inevitable in the practical deconvolution process,and it may result in poor deconvolution output and reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data,which has many negative effects on the subsequent seismic interpretation and reservoir prediction.In view of the shortcomings of conventional deconvolution methods,this study proposes the use of the broadband wavelet deconvolution method to improve the resolution of pre-stack seismic data.First,the effect of noise on the deconvolution factor was eliminated by extending the Robinson convolution model.The seismic wavelet can be decomposed based on a multichannel statistical strategy.Autocorrelation of the seismic records can be calculated.The minimum phase wavelet is then inverted,and the deconvolution factor is solved with the broadband wavelet as the expected output.The model data test results and practical data applications show that the broadband wavelet deconvolution method can obtain good results with a wide range of frequencies.Compared to traditional deconvolution methods,the broadband wavelet deconvolution method can improve the resolution of seismic data while maintaining the original signal-to-noise ratio.Thus,it is suitable for seismic data processing of tight oil exploration.

关 键 词：宽带子波 去噪 分辨率 信噪比 反褶积 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]