安徽省水稻地方品种资源鉴定评价  

Identification and Evaluation of Rice Landraces in Anhui Province, China

作　　者：周坤能 夏加发[1] 张彩娟 王元垒[1] 云鹏 马廷臣[1] 台德卫[1] 张效忠[1] 荣松柏[2] 李泽福[1] ZHOU Kun-neng;XIA Jia-fa;ZHANG Cai-juan;WANG Yuan-lei;YUN Peng;MA Ting-chen;TAI De-wei;ZHANG Xiao-zhong;RONG Song-bai;LI Ze-fu(Rice Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Rice Genetics and Breeding of Anhui Province,Hefei 230031;Crop Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所/安徽省水稻遗传育种重点实验室,合肥230001 [2]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,合肥230001

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第1期137-148,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项(2021d06050002,202003a06020005,202103a06020008);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200504-1);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-73);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(202004a06020027)。

摘　　要：依托“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”对安徽省各县、市的水稻地方品种资源进行了调查和收集,共收集到水稻资源82份,并对其农艺性状、稻瘟病抗性、品质等特性进行鉴定评价。结果表明,地方品种资源中糯稻和有色稻资源丰富,糯稻占资源总数的56.1%,黑米和红米共占34.2%。通过鉴定筛选出具有大穗、高穗粒数、高结实率、高千粒重等优良性状资源34份、抗稻瘟病资源17份、优质资源6份;进一步通过分子标记鉴定,阐明这些优异资源中所携带的稻瘟病、垩白、香味等基因型。筛选出稻八、夹沟香稻、三粒寸、庄红贡米、庐江小红稻-1和长粒糯稻6份产量、稻瘟病抗性和品质等综合性状优异的资源,为高产、优质、抗病水稻育种提供材料基础。By taking the opportunity of the Third National General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources, rice landraces were investigated and collected from different counties and cities in Anhui province, P. R. China. A total of 82 rice germplasms were collected and subjected for investigating their agronomic traits, rice blast resistance and grain quality. The results showed that rice landraces with glutinous or colored grain were abundant(glutinous rice: 56.1% of this collection;black or red rice: 34.2%). Thirty-four landraces represented good agronomic traits such as longer panicle length, high grain number per panicle, high seed setting rate and high 1000-grain weight, 17 landraces showing excellent blast resistance and 6 landraces showing high grain quality. Furthermore, these genotypes of rice blast, chalkiness and fragrance in these excellent rice landraces were genotyped by functional markers. As a result, a few of landraces including Daoba, Jiagouxiangdao, Sanlicun, Zhuanghonggongmi, Lujiangxiaohongdao-1 and Changlinuodao were identified simultaneously showing good rice quality, blast resistance and yield traits. The elite landraces provided material basis for breeding new high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant rice varieties.

关 键 词：水稻 地方品种资源 鉴定与评价 优质 抗稻瘟病 安徽 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]