几种生物农药对青海蚕豆主要病虫害的防治效果  

Control Efficacy of Several Biopesticides on the Main Diseases and Pests of Broad Bean in Qinghai

作　　者：张乐怡 刘宇 陈平强 翁华[2] 马志卿[1,3] ZHANG Leyi;LIU Yu;CHEN Pingqiang;WENG Hua;MA Zhiqing(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Xining 810016,China;Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering&Technology,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,杨凌712100 [2]青海省农林科学院,西宁810016 [3]陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2022年第6期1377-1384,共8页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划(2019-NK-114)。

摘　　要：为建立蚕豆病虫害全程生物防控技术,以推动青海有机蚕豆生产,本研究以9种生物农药为供试药剂,针对苜蓿蚜、蚕豆赤斑病及枯萎病,开展了较为系统的室内生物活性测定和田间药效试验。室内生测试验表明,0.3%苦参碱水剂等4种生物农药均对苜蓿蚜有良好的毒杀作用,其中0.3%苦参碱水剂的毒力最强,其24 h和48 h的LC_(50)分别为7.33 mg/L和5.66 mg/L;田间防效试验表明,0.3%苦参碱水剂和0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂对苜蓿蚜的防效显著,500倍药液药后7 d防效达76.00%~83.00%;10%小檗碱可湿性粉剂和枯草芽胞杆菌(1000亿芽胞/g)可湿性粉剂混用对蚕豆赤斑病的防效有增效作用,制剂用量为500.0 g/hm~2时,药后14 d防效为73.98%~77.79%;多粘类芽胞杆菌(10亿CFU/g)可湿性粉剂和哈茨木霉(≥2亿活孢子/g)可湿性粉剂对蚕豆枯萎病的防效高于另两种生物农药,药后14 d防效分别为74.23%和71.01%。综上所述,0.3%苦参碱水剂、0.5%藜芦碱可溶性液剂、10%小檗碱可湿性粉剂、枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂、多粘类芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂和哈茨木霉可湿性粉剂对蚕豆3种主要病虫害防效优良,据此可进一步建立蚕豆病虫害全程生物防控技术用于青海蚕豆的有机绿色安全生产。To establish a whole season biological control technology for broad bean diseases and pests to promote the production of organic broad beans in Qinghai,we determined the biological activities of 9 biopesticides on Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera:Aphididae),broad bean chocolate spot and fusarium wilt using laboratory and field tests.The laboratory bioassay tests showed that the four biopesticides had significant activities against A.craccivora.Among them,0.3%matrine AS was the best,with LC_(50) of 24 h and 48 h of 7.33 mg/L and 5.66 mg/L,respectively.The field tests showed that 0.3%matrine AS and 0.5%veratrine soluble concentrate (SL) had significant control on A.craccivora,with the control efficacy of 76.00%―83.00%at 7 d after application of500-fold dilution.The mixture of 10%berberine wettable powders (WP) and Bacillus subtilis (100 billion spores/g)WP had a synergistic effect on the control efficacy of broad bean chocolate spot,with the control efficacy of73.98%―77.79%at 14 d after application of the 500.0 g/hm^(2 )preparation.Paenibacillus polymyxa (1 billion CFU/g)WP and Trichoderma harzianum (≥200 million live spores/g) WP were more effective against broad bean fusarium wilt than the other two biopesticides,with the control efficacy of 74.23%and 71.01%at 14 d after application,respectively.Therefore,0.3%matrine AS,0.5%veratrine SL,10%berberine WP,Bacillus subtilis WP,Paenibacillus polymyxa WP and Trichoderma harzianum WP have excellent control on the three main diseases and pests of broad bean.The results are of significance for whole season biological control technology for organic,green and safe production of broad bean in Qinghai province.

关 键 词：生物农药 蚕豆 苜蓿蚜 赤斑病 枯萎病 

分 类 号：S476.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]