几种植物源农药对苹果主要害虫的生物活性  

Biological Activities of Several Plant Pesticides on Apple Pests

作　　者：赵晓敏 赖忠晓 陈平强 江志利 马志卿[1,2] ZHAO Xiaomin;LAI Zhongxiao;CHEN Pingqiang;JIANG Zhili;MA Zhiqing(College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Shaanxi Biopesticide Engineering&Technology Research Center,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,杨凌712100 [2]陕西省生物农药工程技术研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2022年第6期1385-1392,共8页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2019ZDLNY03-04);天山创新团队计划(2020D14001)。

摘　　要：为构建苹果生产中的病虫害绿色防控体系,本研究通过室内活性测定和2年多批次田间药效试验评价了7种植物源农药对3种苹果害虫(绣线菊蚜、山楂叶螨和苹果桑天牛)的防治效果及应用技术。结果表明:0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂(侬威)和0.3%苦参碱水剂(华禾克)对绣线菊蚜具有较强的毒力,其24 h时LC_(50)分别为8.316 mg/L和5.494 mg/L,在3333 m L/hm~2的制剂用量下,药后7 d对绣线菊蚜防效均在70%以上;0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂(万若翠)和0.3%苦参碱水剂(宝稼康)对山楂叶螨毒力较强,其24 h的LC_(50)分别为8.414 mg/L和5.666 mg/L,在3333 m L/hm~2的制剂用量下,药后7 d对山楂叶螨防效均在78%以上;5%除虫菊素乳油注干施药防治桑天牛幼虫效果较好,1.25 g/L的浓度下防治效果为62.09%。由此,推荐以0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂(侬威)等4种药剂防治绣线菊蚜和山楂叶螨,可交替使用,推荐剂量为3333 m L/hm~2;以5%除虫菊素乳油注干施药防治桑天牛,推荐剂量为1.25 g/L。With the aim of establishing a green pest control system in apple production,seven plant-derived pesticides were evaluated for their control of three apple pests (Aphis citricola,Tetranychus viennensis and Aphis germari) using laboratory activity tests and two-year multiple batches of field efficacy tests.The results showed that0.5%veratrine solution agent (Nongwei) and 0.3%soluble matrine (Huaheke) had strong toxicity to A.citricola,with LC_(50) of 8.316 mg/L and 5.494 mg/L at 24 h,respectively.At the dosage of 3333 m L/hm~2,the control efficacy on A.citricola were more than 70%at 7 days after treatment.The 0.5%veratrine solution agent (Wanruocui) and0.3%soluble matrine (Baojiakang) were toxic to T.viennensis,with LC_(50) values of 8.414 mg/L and 5.666 mg/L,respectively,and a control efficacy of more than 78%at 7 days after treatment with the dosage of 3333 m L/hm~2.The5%pyrethrin EC achieved a control efficacy of 62.09%on A.germari at the concentration of 1.25 g/L.

关 键 词：植物源农药 绣线菊蚜 山楂叶螨 桑天牛 防治效果 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]