沼液对稻瘟病的防治效果及内生拮抗细菌筛选与鉴定  

Control Effect of Biogas Slurry on Rice Blast and Screening,Identification of Endophytic Antagonistic Bacteria

作　　者：褚晋 闫晗[1] 韩涛 徐晗[1] 杨皓[1] 缪建锟[1] 白元俊 董海[1] 李志强[1] CHU Jin;YAN Han;HAN Tao;XU Han;YANG Hao;MIAO Jiankun;BAI Yuanjun;DONG Hai;LI Zhiqiang(Institute of Plant Protection,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Donggang Demonstration Breeding Farm,Dandong 118306,China;Liaoning Rice Research Institute,Shenyang 110101,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所,沈阳110161 [2]东港市示范繁殖农场,丹东118306 [3]辽宁省水稻研究所,沈阳110101

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2022年第6期1516-1525,共10页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务计划(2021GQ1903);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD02002);辽宁省自然科学基金(20180550068)。

摘　　要：为了明确沼液在防治稻瘟病中的应用价值,本研究使用菌丝生长抑制法测定了沼液对5种植物病原菌的抑制能力,结果显示,沼液对水稻稻瘟病菌、水稻稻曲病菌、玉米纹枯病菌、大豆根腐病菌、辣椒疫霉菌具有不同程度的抑制能力,抑菌率分别为90.34%、83.55%、73.88%、10.23%、16.40%,沼液原液抑菌效果明显优于沼液无菌液。在盆栽试验中,沼液原液及50%稀释液对稻瘟病防治效果较好,防效分别为72.67%、64.60%。田间试验结果表明,沼液原液对叶瘟、穗颈瘟防效分别可达58.99%、66.57%,与对照药剂1000亿孢子/g枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂的防效差异不显著。通过对沼液内生细菌的分离、筛选及鉴定,确定了沼液内含有解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens、枯草芽胞杆菌B.subtilis、甲基营养型芽胞杆菌B.methylotrophicus、类地衣芽胞杆菌B.paralicheniformis等拮抗细菌。以上结果表明,沼液作为稻瘟病的生物防治资源具有良好应用前景。To determine the application value of biogas slurry in the control of rice blast,the antagonist activity of biogas slurry to five plant pathogens was measured by mycelial growth inhibition method.The results showed that biogas slurry had different degrees of inhibition ability on Magnaporthe oryzae,Ustilaginoidea oryzae,Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsica,and the inhibition rates were 90.34%,83.55%,73.88%,10.23% and 16.40%,respectively.The inhibition effect of biogas slurry was significantly better than that of biogas slurry sterile solution.In the pot experiment,biogas slurry stock solution and 50% dilution solution had better control effects on rice blast,and the efficacies reached 72.67% and 64.60%,respectively.Field experiment showed that the control efficacies of biogas slurry against leaf blast and neck blast were 58.99% and 66.57%,respectively,with no significant difference with that of the control agent 100 billion cfu/g Bacillus subtilis WP.Through the isolation,screening and identification of endophytic bacteria in biogas slurry,it was determined that biogas slurry contained antagonistic bacteria such as B.amyloliquefaciens,B.subtilis,B.methylotrophicus and B.licheniformis.The results indicated that biogas slurry has a good application prospect as a biological control resource for the control of rice blast.

关 键 词：沼液 稻瘟病 生物防治 拮抗细菌 芽胞杆菌 

分 类 号：S476.9[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]