世界级别女子跳马比赛难度动作演变特征研究  

Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Difficult Movements in World Class Women’s Horse-vaulting Competition

作　　者：王云辉 周玉华 吴海鸥 WANG Yunhui;ZHOU Yuhua;WU Haiou(College of Physical Education,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246133,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学体育学院,安徽安庆246133

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期106-112,共7页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：通过文献资料、录像分析、数理统计、对比分析等研究方法,分析了2005—2021年间世界级别女子跳马比赛的竞争格局及比赛难度动作选用情况,总结和论述了难度动作的演变特征及对我国体操女队的启示,旨在为有关部门制定巴黎奥运规划提供参考.结果表明:1)跳马比赛前8名运动员及奖牌主要分布在美国、俄罗斯、朝鲜、中国、瑞士5个国家,美国一直占据霸主地位;2)难度分均值呈“波浪形”,且差距逐渐减小;3)4个组别难度动作此消彼长,第4组踺子后手翻类和第5组踺子转体180°类动作逐渐减少,而第2组前手翻类以及第3组冢原类呈上升态势;4)动作组合由相对集中趋于分散,呈现出“踺子后手翻类+踺子180°类”、“前手翻+冢原类”势均力敌,“前手翻+踺子后手翻类”稍次之的和谐局面;5)“直体多度转体”难度动作依然占绝对优势,高难度、高质量、高稳定亘古不变.新周期、新奥运、新挑战,中国应认真研究规则,顺应跳马难度动作发展潮流发展难度,同时加强运动员身体素质训练,提升人才质量和储备厚度.By means of literature review,video analysis,mathematical statistics,and comparative analysis,this paper analyzed the competition pattern and the selection of difficult movements in the world class women’s horse-vaulting from2005 to 2021,summarized the evolution characteristics of the difficult movements,and discussed their enlightenment to the Chinese women gymnasts,which could provide reference to the relevant departments on the Paris Olympic Games plan.The results showed that:(1)The top 8 horse-vaulting athletes and medals were mainly distributed in countries of the United States,Russia,Korea,China and Switzerland.The United States occupied the dominant position;2)The mean difficulty score showed a’wave shape’with each Olympic Games as the wave top,and the gap decreased gradually;3)The difficulty movements of the four groups changed from one to the other.The fourth group’back handspring class’ and the fifth group ’somersault swivel 180class’ decreased gradually,while the second group ’Handspring fwd’ and the third group’Tsukahara’showed an upward trend;4)The movement combination tended to disperse from relative concentration,combination of ’back handspring class’ and ’somersault swivel 180class’ and combination of ’Handspring fwd’ and ’Tsukahara’ were evenly balanced,and combination of ’Handspring fwd’ and ’back handspring class’ was slightly inferior;5)The difficult movement of’Straight body multi-degree turn’still occupied the absolute superiority,its high difficulty,high quality,and high stability was never changed.In the new Olympic Games period and with the new challenges,China should study the rules carefully,follow the development trend of the difficult vaulting movements to develop the difficulty.Meanwhile,training of athletes’ physical quality should be strengthened and quality and reserve of talents should be improved.

关 键 词：女子跳马 难度动作 演变特征 

分 类 号：G832.2[文化科学—体育训练]