黄菖蒲花部特征及繁育习性研究  

Studies on Floral Syndrome and Breeding Habits of Iris pseudacorus

作　　者：范少茹 符佳豪 庄秋荣 张永侠[1] 王银杰 张婷 刘清泉[1] 田松青[2] 原海燕[1] FAN Shao-ru;FU Jia-hao;ZHUANG Qiu-rong;ZHANG Yong-xia;WANG Yin-jie;ZHANG Ting;LIU Qing-quan;TIAN Song-qing;YUAN Hai-yan(Institute of Botany,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province 210014,China;Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture,Suzhou,Jiangsu Province 215008,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]苏州农业职业技术学院,江苏苏州215008

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第1期96-104,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范基金项目(苏[2021]TG04);江苏省水利科技项目(2021078);江苏省省级作物种质资源库(JS-ZW-K04)资助。

摘　　要：该研究旨在通过定点观察与人工授粉等方法,为黄菖蒲生殖生物学与杂交育种提供理论依据。对引种多年的黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)的花器官特征、开花动态、花粉形态及活力、柱头可授性、繁育习性与访花昆虫进行了观察与研究,结果表明,黄菖蒲在南京地区为4月下—5月上开花,雌雄异熟;花粉活力与柱头可授性均为开花当天最强,随后下降;雌雄异位,开花过程中柱头向下弯曲,雄蕊始终短于柱头;花粉/胚珠比380.4,杂交指数为5。黄菖蒲的繁育习性为异交为主,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者,自然状态下存在花粉限制,不存在无融合生殖现象,黑纹食蚜蝇为潜在传粉者。In this study,to provide a theoretical basis for the reproductive biology and hybrid breeding of I.pseudacorus,the floral characteristic,flowering process,pollen morphology and vitality,stigma receptivity,breeding habits,and flower-visiting insects of Iris pseudacorus L.were observed.The results showed that I.pseudacorus bloomed from April to May in Nanjing,and showed dichogamy;both pollen vitality and stigma receptivity were the strongest on the day of flowering,and then decreased;the stigma bent downward during flowering and the stamen was always shorter than the stigma;the pollen/ovule ratio was 380.4,the outcrossing index(OCI)was 5.The breeding habits of I.pseudacorus was mainly outcrossing,some self-compatibility and pollinators were required.There was pollen limitation in the natural state,and there was no apomixis phenomenon.Episyrphus balteatus were potential pollinators.

关 键 词：黄菖蒲 花部特征 开花动态 繁育习性 访花昆虫 

分 类 号：Q312.7[生物学—遗传学]