目标导向-习惯化控制:从环路、功能到运动康复帕金森病的神经可塑性机制  

Goal-directed and habitual control: from circuits, functions to exercise-induced neuroplasticity target for treatment of Parkinson disease

作　　者：时凯旋 王晓京 侯莉娟[2] SHI Kaixuan;Wang Xiaojing;HOU Lijuan(Department of Physical Education,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;College of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)体育部,北京100083 [2]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国病理生理杂志》2023年第1期178-185,共8页Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.32000833);中央基本经费“求真学人”项目(No.265QZ2022005)。

摘　　要：帕金森病(Parkinson disease, PD)是一种易发于老年人群的神经退行疾病,临床表现为静止性震颤、运动徐缓、肌强直和姿势步态异常等运动症状,以及情绪情感障碍和睡眠紊乱等非运动症状[1]。PD发生时,纹状体负责感觉运动控制的尾壳核(posterior pu-tamen)内多巴胺(dopamine, DA)最先减少,导致习惯化行为(如步行)的严重缺损;PD患者逐渐依赖于背内侧纹状体(dorsomedial striatum, DMS)的目标导向控制系统驱动行为执行.Parkinson disease(PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and cognitive impairments. The progressive depletion of dopamine in midbrain is a pathological basis of dysfunctional goal-directed and habitual control circuits in basal ganglia. Exercise rehabilitation is complementary to pharmacological and surgical clinic therapy and delays the disease progression by exercise-induced neuroplasticity. The physiopathology of PD could be considered the base for the development of effective rehabilitation therapies. As the learning skill is spared in early-medium stages of disease, goal-directed approaches engaging cognition permit to achieve gain of rehabilitative benefits for PD.This paper reviews recent progress in the studies on the basal ganglia circuitry, and summarizes the hypotheses for mechanisms of exercise rehabilitation for the improvement of motor and cognitive performance in PD.

关 键 词：运动 帕金森病 目标导向-习惯化控制 神经可塑性 

分 类 号：R804.2[医药卫生—临床医学] R493