人工放射性核素在海洋鱼类中的富集、分布及放射损伤研究进展  

Research progress on enrichment, distribution and radiation damage of artificial radionuclides in marine fish: a review

作　　者：董宇辰 秦松[1] 陈柯旭 刘正一[1] 孙平 庄龙传 DONG Yuchen;QIN Song;CHEN Kexu;LIU Zhengyi;SUN Ping;ZHUANG Longchuan(Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai 264003,China;School of Ocean,Yantai University,Yantai 264003,China;Qingdao Central Hospital,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [2]烟台大学海洋学院,山东烟台264003 [3]青岛市中心医院,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2022年第6期1066-1075,共10页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：烟台市科技计划项目(2020MSGY055)。

摘　　要：人工放射性核素是全球核污染的根源,随着全球沿海核能利用的快速发展,加之苏联切尔诺贝利和日本福岛核泄漏事故的影响,国际社会愈发关注海洋核污染问题和由此带来的公众健康问题。人工放射性核素由多种途径入海,并在海洋中迁移扩散,经食物链富集于高营养级的海洋鱼类体内,一旦其经渔业捕捞进入市场,最终将危害人类健康。本文全面回顾和综述了人工放射性核素的入海途径和扩散迁移方式,以及其在海洋鱼类体内的富集、分布和放射损伤效应等方面的国内外研究进展,并分析了当前海洋核安全现状,针对海洋渔业面对的核污染问题,提出未来应加强人工放射性核素沿食物链向上传递的机制、携带人工放射性核素的海洋鱼类洄游模式、慢性核辐射对鱼类不同生活史阶段可能产生的影响及建立新的国际海洋核安全标准体系等方面的相关研究,以期为海洋核污染的全球治理提供科学参考。Artificial radionuclides are the source of global nuclear pollution. With the rapid development of coastal nuclear energy utilization worldwide, and the impact of Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear leakage accidents, the international community has paid more and more attention to marine nuclear pollution and the consequent public health problems. Artificial radionuclides enter the sea by a variety of ways, migrate and spread in the sea, and are accumulated in the marine fish with high trophic level through the food chain. Once they enter the market by fishing, they will eventually harm human health. This paper reviews the research progress on the pathways of artificial radionuclides entering the sea, their diffusion and migration modes in the sea, and their enrichment, distribution and radiation damage effects in marine fishes. Based on the analysis of the current situation of marine nuclear safety and the problem of nuclear pollution in marine fisheries, it is suggested that we should strengthen related research in the future on the mechanism of artificial radionuclides travelling up the food chain, the migration pattern of marine fish carrying artificial radionuclides, the possible effects of chronic nuclear radiation on different life stages of fish, and the establishment of a new international marine nuclear safety standard system to provide scientific reference for the global governance of marine nuclear pollution.

关 键 词：海洋鱼类 人工放射性核素 核泄漏 放射损伤 核辐射 

分 类 号：S913[农业科学—水产科学] X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]