《民法典》视域下担保制度研究  

Research on Guarantee System From the Perspective of Civil Code

作　　者：任书宁 李军[1] REN Shu-ning;LI Jun(Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《哈尔滨学院学报》2023年第1期48-52,共5页Journal of Harbin University

基　　金：《民法典》纳入国民教育体系研究,项目编号:20BFXO73。

摘　　要：《民法典》通过“具备担保功能的条款”将担保制度扩展到所有权保留交易、融资租赁合同等契约中的非典型担保方法,并且通过修订关于流押契约或流质契约的条款,奠定了担保制度的立法基石。虽说担保制度的外延在一定程度上得以拓展,但仍有需要严格地划分担保制度和具备担保功用的机制。《民法典》中大部分具备担保功用的机制即使并非担保制度,但对担保制度的适用性仍会形成影响。独立保函应被理解为备用信贷证的替代形态;担保函和担保协议的独立性在被确认失效之后,对于担保人应当负什么性质的民事责任仍有待进一步研究。《民法典》修订了担保方式、期限的推定,在赋予质押权追及效力的基础上容许抵押财产的自由转让。但为此应适当予以限定,而其法律基础则是《民法典》对动产和权利保障制度所作的延伸。The Civil Code extends the security regime to atypical security methods in contracts such as retention of title transactions and financial leases through the“security function clause”and lays the legislative foundation for the security regime by amending the provisions on the deed of hypothecation or the deed of hypothecation.Although the scope of the security regime has been expanded to a certain extent,there is still a need to strictly delineate the security regime from the mechanisms that have a security function.Most of the mechanisms with security functions in the Civil Code have an impact on the applicability of the security regime,even if they are not security regimes.The independent bond should be understood as an alternative to the standby credit certificate;the nature of the civil liability of the guarantor after the independence of the bond and the guarantee agreement has been recognized as invalid is still subject to further study.The Civil Code amends the presumption of the form and duration of the security,allowing for the free transfer of the mortgaged property on the basis of the retroactive effect of the pledge.However,this should be appropriately limited,and its legal basis is an extension of the Civil Code’s regime for the security of movable property and rights.

关 键 词：《民法典》 担保制度 债权实现 

分 类 号：DF5[政治法律—民商法学]