新疆农田土壤中粘细菌的分离鉴定及其捕食特性  

Isolation,Identification and Predation Characteristics of Myxobacteria from Farmland Soils in Xinjiang

作　　者：白欣禾 韩剑[1] 窦新玉 罗明[1] 崔中利[2] 李周坤[2] 吕文 BAI Xin-he;HAN Jian;DOU Xin-yu;LUO Ming;CUI Zhong-li;LI Zhou-kun;LV Wen(Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture&Forestry of the North Western Desert Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Safety Prevention and Control of Agriculture and Forest Pests/College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;College of Life Science,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲农林外来入侵生物防控重点实验室,农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2022年第6期462-473,共12页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A97);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2021D01D12);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1400200);南京农业大学-新疆农业大学联合基金项目(KYYJ201909)。

摘　　要：为探究新疆农田土壤中可培养粘细菌的多样性,从中筛选出具有高效捕食能力的粘细菌菌株。以新疆不同地区农田土壤为分离材料,采用兔粪诱导法和大肠杆菌诱导法从中分离纯化粘细菌,将形态鉴定与多位点序列分析相结合进行分类鉴定,确定其分类地位,并以4种植物病原细菌:丁香假单胞菌丁香致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae)、西瓜细菌性果斑病菌(Acidovorax citrulli)、梨锈水病菌(Dickeya fangzhongda)、胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种(Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum)为靶标菌,通过平板捕食法测定粘细菌的捕食特性。结果表明,从采集到的134份土样中共分离到126株菌,经纯化后获得46株粘细菌纯培养物。这些菌株分属于4个属,粘球菌属(Myxococcus)34株,原囊菌属(Archangium)7株,孢囊杆菌属(Cystobacter)3株,珊瑚球菌属(Corallococcus)2株。捕食活性分析显示,本研究获得的粘细菌菌株具有广谱的捕食活性,但同一株粘细菌对不同种病原菌的捕食能力存在差异。初步筛选出3株粘细菌菌株WCH05、WCH03和HM02兼具广谱和高效捕食特性。研究表明,粘细菌在新疆农田土壤中分布广泛,粘球菌属(Myxococcus)是该地区可培养粘细菌菌群中的优势菌。To explore the diversity of culturable myxobacteria in farmland soil of Xinjiang,and screen out the myxobacteria strains with efficient predatory ability.In this study,the farmland soil from different areas of Xinjiang was used as the material for isolating myxobacteria,and the rabbit feces induction method and E.coli induction method were used to isolate and purify myxobacteria,and the morphological identification and multi-locus sequence analysis were combined to classify and identify the isolated pure cultures and determine their classification status.In addition,four kinds of plant pathogenic bacteria were used as the target bacteria to determine the prey characteristics of myxobacteria by plate predation method.The four bacteria were Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae,Acidovorax citrulli,Dickeya fangzhongda,Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum.The results showed that 126 strains were isolated from 134 soil samples,and 46 pure cultures of myxobacteria were obtained after purification.The pure cultures could be classified into 4 genus:Myxococcus(34 strains),Archangium(7 strains),Cystobacter(3 strains),and Corallococcus(2 strains).The results of predation activity analysis showed that the myxobacteria strains obtained in this study had a broad spectrum of predation activity,but the same strain of myxobacteria had different predation ability to different pathogens.The three initially selected myxobacteria strains,WCH05,WCH03,and HM02 had both broad-spectrum and highly efficient predation characteristics.Meanwhile,the finding also showed that myxobacteria were widely distributed in the soil of Xinjiang farmland,and Myxococcus was the dominant bacterium in the cultured myxobacteria group in this region.

关 键 词：新疆 农田土 粘细菌 分离鉴定 捕食特性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]