两种池塘养殖模式下异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)的形质特征差异分析  

ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES IN MORPHOLOGY AND QUALITY OF CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO UNDER TWO POND AQUACULTURE MODES

作　　者：徐英杰 戎华南 陈雨[1] 刘哲宇 陈汉春 王志铮[1] XU Ying-Jie;RONG Hua-Nan;CHEN Yu;LIU Zhe-Yu;CHEN Han-Chun;WANG Zhi-Zheng(School of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Cixi Fishery Technology Promotion Center,Cixi 315300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]慈溪市水产技术推广中心,浙江慈溪315300

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2023年第1期204-213,共10页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家星火计划项目,2013GA701022号;宁波市重大科技攻关项目,2012C10032号;慈溪市农业科技重点项目,CN201901号。

摘　　要：探究引起银鲫在不同养殖模式下的形质差异原因及形质饰变途径和机制,进而揭示养殖模式致其改变生存对策的内在逻辑,对于指导银鲫养殖模式的改进与优化具重要现实意义。随机选取池塘生态主养模式(M_(1))和池塘生态套养模式(M_(2))下经7个月养殖的异育银鲫夏花苗种各70尾为研究对象,采用主成分分析和判别分析方法,系统开展了两种池养模式下异育银鲫形质差异研究,结果表明:(1)池养期间两实验群体的生长速度总体上呈M_(2)>M_(1),在21项生物学表型性状中,M_(2)实验群体显著大于M_(1)实验群体的为L1(体长)、L4(头宽)、L11(肛后体长)和NM (净体质量)(P<0.05);(2)所涉20项形质评价性状中, M_(1)、M_(2)实验群体间具显著差异(P<0.05)的高达16项,聚类分析也指示两者间的欧式距离已达到显著水平(P<0.05),即M_(1)、M_(2)实验群体已在形质特征上出现显著分化;(3)经主成分分析,提取到的5个特征值均大于1的主成分,其累积贡献率达80.844%,其中PC1可归纳为表征机体消化代谢水平的公共因子, PC_(2)可归纳为表征脏器可容纳空间几何比例的公共因子, PC_(3)、PC_(4)和PC5可统归为表征食物获取方式的公共因子;(4)采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的眼间距/侧线长、净重系数、肝系数、胃系数、肠系数、鳃系数和Fulton指数为自变量,所建Fisher分类函数方程组可较清晰区分M_(1)和M_(2)实验个体,其中M_(1)实验群体的判别准确率P1、P2分别为98.6%和94.5%, M_(2)实验群体则分别为94.3%和98.5%,两实验群体的综合判别准确率为96.4%。所得结果可为异育银鲫池塘生态主养模式和生态套养模式的改良与优化提供科学依据。Exploring the reasons for the differences in morphology and quality of Carassius auratus gibelio induced by different aquaculture modes, finding the pathways and mechanisms of the difference-formation, and then revealing the internal logic of the mode inducing the changes in their survival strategy is of great practical significance for guiding the improvement and optimization of C. auratus gibelio aquaculture mode. Seventy summer fingerlings of C. auratus gibelio were randomly selected from the pond ecological monoculture mode(M_(1)) and pond ecological polyculture mode(M_(2)). Principal component analysis and discriminant analysis methods were used to systematically study the differences in morphology and quality of C. auratus gibelio under two pond culture modes. Results showed that:(1) The growth rate of the two experimental groups during the pond culture was generally M_(2)>M_(1). Among the 21 biological phenotypic traits, the L1(body length), L4(head width), L11(post-anal body length), and NM(net body mass) of M_(2) were significantly greater than M_(1)(P<0.05);(2) Among the 20 morphological evaluation traits involved, 16 items were significantly different(P<0.05) between M_(1) and M_(2) groups, and cluster analysis also indicated that the Euclidean distance between the two groups had reached a significant level(P<0.05), that is, the M_(1)and M_(2)were significantly differentiated in terms of morphological characteristics;(3) By the principal component analysis, the five extracted principal components whose eigenvalues were all greater than 1 had a cumulative contribution rate of 80.844%. Among them, PC1can be classified as a common factor that characterizes the level of digestion and metabolism, PC_(2) can represent the geometric proportion of the space that the organ can accommodate, PC_(3), PC_(4), and PC5can be collectively classified as common factors that characterize the way of food acquisition;(4) Through the stepwise discriminant method, taking the interorbital space/lateral line length, net weight

关 键 词：池塘套养 池塘主养 异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio) 形质特征 多元分析 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学] S965[农业科学—水产养殖]