考虑刀具寿命下加工中心刀库中刀具动态配置成本的优化  

Optimization of Tool Dynamic Configuration Cost in Tool Magazine of Machining Center Considering Tool Life

作　　者：肖志晓 黎展滔[1] 彭乘风 陈庆新[1] 毛宁[1] 徐国宁 Xiao Zhixiao;Li Zhantao;Peng Chengfeng;Chen Qingxin;Mao Ning;Xu Guoning(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学机电工程学院,广州510006

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2022年第11期12-16,79,共6页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:51675107);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(编号:2214050001270)。

摘　　要：刀具寿命是加工生产率的一个重要限制因素。特别在多品种小批量的生产环境中,数控机床的刀库容量有限,一次换刀不能完成所有任务的加工。在加工过程中会有寿命用尽的刀具,或者任务所需刀型不在刀库里,需要进行换刀以满足任务的加工要求。然而频繁换刀会增加停机次数、换刀数量和使用新刀具数量,从而降低生产效率,增加配置成本。为了解决以上问题,设计出一种依据单个任务加工平均加工成本(ACSTP)的启发式规则,确定每次停机所覆盖的待加工任务序列长度,在任务序列可知不可变并且考虑到刀具寿命的情况下,合理动态配置加工中心刀库的刀具,使得完成既定任务序列的加工后,总的配置成本最小。同时,在实验中,以某复合加工中心刀库作为研究对象,通过和当前主流的KTNS换刀策略相比,验证ACSTP能够有效控制整体的配置成本。Tool life is an important limiting factor in machining productivity.Especially in the multi-variety and small-batch production environment,the tool magazine capacity of the CNC machine tool is limited,the tool in the magazine cannot processing of all tasks by switch the once time.During the machining process,there will be tools that have run out of life,or the tool type required for the task is not in the magazine,and the tool needs to be changed to meet the machining requirements of the task.However,frequent tool changes can increase the number of downtimes,tool changes and new tools used,thereby reducing production efficiency and increasing configuration costs.In order to solve the above problems,a heuristic rule based on the average processing cost of single task processing(ACSTP)was designed to determine the length of the task sequence to be processed covered by each shutdown.The task sequence was known to be immutable and the tool life was taken into account.In this case,the tools of the tool magazine of the machining center were reasonably and dynamically configured,so that the total configuration cost was minimized after completing the processing of the given task sequence.At the same time,in the experiment,taking a compound machining center tool magazine as the research object,it was verified that ACSTP can effectively control the overall configuration cost by comparing with the current mainstream KTNS tool changing strategy.

关 键 词：刀具动态配置 刀具寿命 启发式规则 

分 类 号：TG71[金属学及工艺—刀具与模具]