生物有机肥对宁夏盐碱地土壤养分和生物学特性的影响  

Effects of Long-term Application of Bioorganic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Biological Characteristics of Saline Alkali Land in Ningxia

作　　者：司海丽 纪立东[1] 李磊 勉有明 朱英 刘菊莲 尚红莺[1] 杨洋 SI Haili;JI Lidong;LI Lei;MIAN Youming;ZHU Ying;LIU Julian;SHANG Hongying;YANG Yang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Guyuan Branch,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan,Ningxia 756000,China;Ningxia Wuzhong National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee,Wuzhong,Ningxia 751100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002 [2]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756000 [3]宁夏吴忠国家农业科技园区管理委员会,宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《土壤》2022年第6期1124-1131,共8页Soils

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-11-07);自治区重点研发计划项目(2019BCF01001);自治区农业科技自主创新专项(NKYJ-22-02)资助。

摘　　要：为了探讨生物有机肥施用对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱地土壤化学和微生物特性的影响,明确生物有机肥的最佳施用量及施肥模式,以田间连续4年定位试验为依托,研究了生物有机肥施用量0(CK)、4.5(T1)、9.0(T2)、13.5 t/hm^(2)(T3)及生物有机肥9.0 t/hm^(2)配施无机化肥N 360 kg/hm^(2)(T4)对盐碱地土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物生物量、微生物群落碳源代谢活性及多样性和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:(1)施用生物有机肥可明显降低土壤p H和全盐含量,土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性随着生物有机肥施用量增加呈递增趋势,且在T2处理基础上增施无机化肥可显著增加土壤速效钾含量14.73%;(2)土壤微生物群落碳源代谢活性及多样性指数均随着生物有机肥施用量的增加而增加, T3处理土壤培养192 h时AWCD值为0.84,经Tukey检验分析, Shannon和Mcintosh指数较CK处理分别增加10.11%和62.67%;(3)随着生物有机肥施用量增加,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷含量呈递增趋势,各处理平均分别比CK处理增加66.78%、59.19%和51.84%;(4)施用生物有机肥可明显增加玉米产量,提高玉米产值,其中以生物有机肥施用9.0 t/hm^(2)配施无机化肥N 360 kg/hm^(2)时,玉米产量和净收入最佳,分别为11 499 kg/hm^(2)和8 709元/hm^(2)。因此,长期施用生物有机肥可改善宁夏盐碱土壤质地,提高土壤质量,增加土壤生物活性及玉米产量,其中以生物有机肥施用9.0 t/hm^(2)配施无机化肥N 360 kg/hm^(2)时综合效果最佳。In order to investigate the effects of bioorganic fertilizer application on the chemistry and microbial characteristics of saline-alkali soil in Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area, and to clarify the optimal application amount and fertilization mode of bio-organic fertilizer, the treatments were included applying bioorganic fertilizer 0 t/hm^(2)(CK), 4.5 t/hm^(2)(T1), 9 t/hm^(2)(T2) 13.5 t/hm^(2)(T3), and 9 t/hm^(2) of bioorganic fertilizer and N 360 kg/hm^(2) of inorganic chemical fertilizers(T4) based on the field positioning experiment for 4 consecutive years, soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community carbon metabolism activities and diversities, and maize yields in saline-alkali soil were determined and compared.The results show that: 1) Application of bioorganic fertilizer can significantly reduce soil pH and total salt content, and soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities are increased with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application, and T4 treatment significantly increases soil available potassium content by 14.73%;2) Carbon source metabolic activity and diversity index of soil microbial community both are increased with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application, AWCD value of T3 treatment is 0.84 when cultured for 192 h, and Tukey test analysis shows that Shannon and Mcintosh indices are increased by 10.11% and 62.67%, respectively, compared with CK treatment;3) With the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application, soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents are increased by 66.78%, 59.19% and 51.84%, respectively, compared with CK treatment;4) The application of bioorganic fertilizer can significantly increase corn yield and output value, and among them,T4 treatment has the best corn yield and net income, which are 11 499 kg/hm^(2) and 8 709 yuan/hm^(2), respectively. Thus, the long-term application of bioorganic fertilizer can improve the texture of saline-alkali soil in Ningxia, improve soil quality,incre

关 键 词：生物有机肥 盐碱地 土壤养分 土壤微生物特性 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]