不同类型粪肥还田对土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Different Manures on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community

作　　者：张英 武淑霞[1] 雷秋良[1] 翟丽梅[1] 王洪媛[1] 李浩 杨波[1] 刘宏斌[1] ZHANG Ying;WU Shuxia;LEI Qiuliang;ZHAI Limei;WANG Hongyuan;LI Hao;YANG Bo;LIU Hongbin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤》2022年第6期1175-1184,共10页Soils

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132021028);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U20A20114);泰山产业领军人才工程项目(LJNY202125)资助。

摘　　要：畜禽粪便作为有机肥还田可以维持和提高土壤有机质、改良土壤,有利于农业可持续发展。不同类型粪肥还田后对土壤生物学性状的影响不同,为探究这一问题,在内蒙古乌兰察布市设置田间试验,包括化肥(F)、羊粪(GM)、猪粪(PM)、牛粪(CM)4个处理,研究其对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落的影响。结果表明,施用粪肥较化肥具有增加土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、铵态氮等养分含量的趋势。不同粪肥较化肥处理的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高增幅分别为32.4%、150.4%、26.8%和30.1%。牛粪处理的土壤微生物生物量碳氮显著提高,分别较化肥增加33.2%和33.4%。不同处理在细菌门水平上的优势种群较一致,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是优势种群。本试验条件下,牛粪处理更能提高土壤微生物生物量碳氮,短期内施用不同粪肥对于提高土壤微生物群落多样性差异不显著,土壤pH、有效磷、铵态氮是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要环境因子。The application of livestock and poultry manures to the field as organic fertilizers can maintain and improve soil fertility, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture. In order to clarify the effects of different manures on soil biological properties, a field experiment was conducted in Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia, including four treatments of chemical fertilizer(F), goat manure(GM), pig manure(PM) and cow manure(CM), soil nutrients, enzyme activities and microbial communities were determined under the different treatments. The results show that, compared with F, application of manures trends to insignificantly increase the contents of soil nutrients such as organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen. The highest increase rates of soil urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities under different manures are 32.4%, 150.4%, 26.8% and 30.1%, respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under cow manure are significantly increased by 33.2% and 33.4%, respectively. The dominant populations are relatively consistent at the phyla level of bacteria under different treatments, which are Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. Under the experimental conditions, different manures have different effects on soil nutrients and enzyme activities,cow manure can improve soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, the short-term application of different manures has no significant effect on the diversity of soil microbial communities, soil pH, available phosphorus, and ammonium nitrogen are the main environmental factors that affect the structure of soil microbial community.

关 键 词：羊粪 猪粪 牛粪 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物群落 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]