有效劳动价值说还是效用价值论--对经典疑义的逻辑解析与比较  

Effective Labor Theory of Value or the Utility Theory of Value::Based on Logical Analysis and Comparison of Classical Puzzle

作　　者：朱富强[1,2] ZHU Fu-qiang(Lingnan College,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;China Economics Research Center,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院,广东广州510275 [2]河南大学中国经济学研究中心,河南开封475004

出　　处：《东北财经大学学报》2023年第1期15-27,共13页Journal of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华人民共和国经济战略思想史研究”(21&ZD080)。

摘　　要：有效劳动价值说通过引入使用价值的实现程度而将市场需求与价值创造联系起来,这与效用价值论通过引入主观性的心理效用以消除劳动价值论与市场经济之间的紧张关系具有根本性不同。有效劳动价值说的逻辑基础比效用价值论更为坚实,体现在如下三个方面:一是有效劳动价值说基于严格逻辑关系揭示出使用价值和价值在量关系上的一致性,由此深刻揭示出经典“价值悖论”所潜含的逻辑缺陷;二是有效劳动价值说基于购买力因素剖析使用价值和交换价值的不同发展状态,由此深层洞察交换价值和使用价值相背离的社会基础;三是有效劳动价值说基于本体论解析使用价值及其实现程度根本上的客观性,由此系统驳斥基于心理感受的效用价值论。事实上,使用价值因实现程度差异所呈现的主观性与效用受制于心理感受所出现的主观性具有本质性的差异,决定价值的根本上是可实现的使用价值而非虚无的心理感受,以不同实现程度的使用价值取代心理感受的效用更有利于洞察市场价格的形成及其变动。By introducing the realization degree of use value, the effective labor theory of value connects market demand with value creation. This is fundamentally different from the utility theory of value, which eliminates the tension between the labor theory of value and market economy by introducing subjective psychological effect. To a large extent, the effective labor theory of value is also more solid than the utility theory of value in terms of the logical foundation, which can be reflected in the following three aspects.Firstly, it reveals the potential logical defects in the classical value paradox based on strict logic. In fact, the effective labor theory of value holds that the use value and value are consistent in the quantitative relationship, while the value paradox confuses the two concepts of value and exchange value. However, the utility theory of value recognizes the existence of value paradox, and then tries to solve it by replacing objective use value with subjective utility.Secondly, it makes a insight into the social basis of the deviation between exchange value and use value. In fact,the effective labor theory of value not only introduces the realization degree of use value to investigate individual value and social value and their changes, but also introduces the factor of purchasing power to analyze the different developments of use value and exchange value. However, the utility theory of value replaces use value with utility, and then regards utility(or use value) as consistent with exchange value.Thirdly, it refutes the utility theory of value rooted in psychological subjectivity based on ontological thinking. In fact, the effective labor theory of value holds that the use value and its realization degree are fundamentally objective,while the utility theory of value establishes its utility on the subject’s psychological consciousness. As a result, there is an essential difference between the subjectivity of use value due to the difference of realization degree and the subjectivity of utility s

关 键 词：有效劳动价值说 价值悖论 使用价值 交换价值 效用价值论 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学]