中国古代食盐专卖制度 变迁中的政府与市场--基于因果机制影响研究  

Government and Market in the Evolution of the Salt Monopoly System in Ancient China:Based on Research of the Causal Mechanism

作　　者：冯蕾 FENG Lei(School of Economics,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian 116025,China)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学经济学院,辽宁大连116025

出　　处：《东北财经大学学报》2023年第1期28-38,共11页Journal of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics

摘　　要：中国古代食盐专卖制度不是单一线性变迁发展的,而是在官卖、商卖以及官商合营的模式下实施的,且在宋代等朝代还存在制度的往复现象,这个过程是在政府全程控制和放开商营的曲折往复中逐渐彰显自由市场意识的过程,在政府、盐商、民众利益间博弈。本文尝试用制度经济学等相关理论解释分析食盐专卖制度的因果机制、变迁过程和不同制度模式中政府与市场的关系,提出中国古代食盐专卖制度变迁属于制内变迁的观点,认为任何一种经济体制的建立,都离不开历史、政治、思想、文化和环境的影响,建议制定实施融合市场机制和政府职能的、具有现代混合经济性质的中国特色经济制度。It can be seen from the evolution of salt monopoly system in ancient China that the development of salt monopoly system has gone through several institutional modes, including government-run mode government-business cooperation, monopoly of specialized business, and business sales with government supervision.The changes of salt system in the past dynasties were all influenced by the social and economic development level,political situation, national strength and financial situation at that time, and occurred during the constant game and balance among the interests of the government, salt merchants and consumers. Throughout the development of the salt monopoly system, the production and distribution of salt commodities in ancient China had basically been carried out under the control of the government, and there was also a brief laissez-faire and market-led stage in the process.Overall, the ideological theory of salt commodity circulation in ancient China experienced a process of gradually showing the free market consciousness through the twists and turns of government monopoly and commercial liberalization.And finally, it was under the mode of government-business cooperation that the salt commodity circulation was implemented. From the perspective of evolution, the monopoly system is not only the embodiment of the state-owned concept of commodity property rights in institutional practice, but also the process of constant game and balance between the government and the market.This paper attempts to analyze factors influencing the long-term implementation and dynamic development of salt monopoly system from the perspective of historical system and theories like modern new institutional economics. From the perspective of historical system, this paper makes an in-depth study on the relationship between the government and the market embodied in the monopoly system. It puts forward the view that the salt monopoly system in ancient China is a kind of intra system market. It is believed that in both ancient China and mod

关 键 词：食盐专卖 制度变迁 盐商 财政收入 政府与市场 

分 类 号：F092[经济管理—政治经济学]