“不料”的动、副、连之辩--兼及汉语具有评注功能的一类连词  

A debate about the part of speech of buliao:Also on conjunctions with commentary function in Chinese

作　　者：邵洪亮[1] SHAO Hongliang

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学国际文化交流学院,200083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2023年第1期88-98,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉语副词再演化的模式与功用、动因与机制的系统性研究”(20BYY153)的资助。

摘　　要：具有评注功能的关联连词和兼有关联功能的评注性副词之间边界模糊,学界对它们的归类存在依违两可的情况。我们通过对“不料”的分析,提出判定一个词成为关联连词的三个依据:第一,如果位于后续句,其在句首位置固化。第二,关联功能专职化。第三,关联功能无法被取消。据此,“不料”跟“足见”“无奈”“哪怕”等一样,宜归为连词。部分已经语法化为连词的词之所以还具有较强的评注功能,跟这些连词的来源和语义投射有关。关联连词的评注功能有别于言者对复句事理关系的主观认定。我们进而认为,汉语的连词成员内部根据其是否具有评注功能,可以分出具有评注功能的连词和无评注功能的连词两大类型。同时建议汉语的语气范畴应该包括这部分具有评注功能的连词。There is a blur between correlative conjunctions with commentary function and commentary adverbs used as conjunctions,which results in an ambiguous classification of them.Based on the analysis of buliao(不料),three standards are put forward in this paper for the judgement of correlative conjunctions.One word can be recognized as a correlative conjunction only if it is fixed at the first position of the subsequent sentences and its connection function is specialized and cannot be cancelled.Accordingly,similar to zujian(足见),wunai(无奈)and napa(哪怕),buliao shall also be regarded as a conjunction.Some words that have been grammaticalized into conjunctions can still be used to make comments because of their source of evolution and projection of semantic meaning.The commentary function of the correlative conjunctions is different from the speakers'subjective affirmation about the logic of the complex sentences.Furthermore,we believe that all conjunctions within Modern Chinese can be divided into two categories according to whether they are equipped with commentary function.It is suggested that conjunctions with commentary function shall be included in modal category.

关 键 词：“不料” 关联连词 评注性副词 具有评注功能的连词 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]