超早期断奶对仔猪生长性能和粪便微生物区系的影响  

Effect of ultra-early weaning on piglet growth performance and faecal microbiota

作　　者：李诗晗 徐维国 邹强强 孟维爽 王铁良 李德生 Li Shihan;Xu Weiguo;Zou Qiangqiang;Meng Weishuang;Wang Tieliang;Li Desheng(College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Jinzhou Medical University,Liaoning Jinzhou 121001;Liaoning Kaiwei Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Liaoning Jinzhou 121001;Jinzhou Zhongke Genetic Testing Service Co.,Ltd.,Liaoning Jinzhou 121001)

机构地区：[1]锦州医科大学畜牧兽医学院,辽宁锦州121001 [2]辽宁凯为生物技术有限公司,辽宁锦州121001 [3]锦州中科基因检测服务有限公司,辽宁锦州121001

出　　处：《现代畜牧兽医》2022年第11期24-28,共5页Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：2021年“大学生创新创业训练计划”项目(10160003)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究相同遗传背景下,超早期断奶对仔猪生长性能和粪便微生物区系的影响。试验选择同窝14日龄的三元杂交哺乳仔猪(杜洛克×长白×大白)16头,按体重相近原则随机分为2组,即母乳组(C)和断奶组(T),每组4个重复,每个重复2头仔猪。试验期56 d。结果显示:在14~28日龄时,与C组相比,T组仔猪28日龄体重和平均日增重极显著降低(P<0.01)。29~70日龄时,与C组相比,T组仔猪70日龄体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量极显著降低(P<0.01),料重比显著升高(P<0.05)。28日龄和70日龄时,两组仔猪粪便微生物在整体结构上的丰富度和多样性差异均不显著(P>0.05)。28日龄时,C组仔猪粪便微生物中拟杆菌门占比31.99%,比T组(63.76%)减少了49.83%。C组厚壁菌门占比48.26%,比T组(28.15%)提高了71.44%。70日龄时,C组和T组仔猪粪便微生物中拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门占比相近。研究表明,与母乳组相比,超早期断奶降低了仔猪生长性能,提高了粪便中拟杆菌门占比,降低了厚壁菌门占比。因此,生产中应尽量避免对仔猪过早断奶。The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of ultra early weaning on growth performance and fecal microflora of piglets under the same genetic background.A total of three-way hybrid suckling piglets(Duroc×Long White×Large White)aged 14 d in the same litter were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the principle of similar weight,namely,breast milk group(C)and weaning group(T),with four replicates in each group has and two piglets in each replicate.The experiment lasted for 56 d.The results showed that at 14~28 d of age,the weight at28 d of age and average daily gain of piglets in group T were extremely lower than those in group C(P<0.01).At the age of29~70 d,compared with group C,the body weight at 70 d of age,average daily gain and average daily feed intake of piglets in group T were extremely reduced(P<0.01),and the feed to gain ratio increased significantly(P<0.05).At the age of 28and 70 d,there was no significant difference in the richness and diversity of fecal microorganisms in the overall structure between the two groups(P>0.05).At the age of 28 d,Bacteroides accounted for 31.99%of the fecal microorganisms in group C,which was 49.83%less than that in group T(63.76%).The proportion of Firmicutes in group C was 48.26%,which was 71.44%higher than that in group T(28.15%).At 70 d of age,the proportion of Bacteroides and Firmicutes in fecal microorganisms of piglets in group C and group T was similar.The study indicates that compared with breast milk group,the ultra early weaning reduced the growth performance of piglets,increased the proportion of Bacteroides in feces and reduced the proportion of Firmicutes,so early weaning of piglets should be avoided as far as possible in production.

关 键 词：超早期断奶 生长性能 粪便微生物 仔猪 

分 类 号：S828.9[农业科学—畜牧学]