上海市宝山区2017—2019年学校札如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of Sapovirus virus clustered vomiting epidemic in Baoshan District in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019

作　　者：冯太聪 胡永迪 茅俭英[1] 向伦辉[1] 姜文婕 张月娟[1] 施陈伟 刘效峰[1] FENG Taicong;HU Yongdi;MAO Jianying;XIANG Lunhui;JIANG Wenjie;ZHANG Yuejuan;SHI Chenwei;LIU Xiaofeng(Department of Acute Infections Diseases,Baoshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai(201901),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防制科,201901 [2]上海市宝山区张庙街道长江路社区卫生服务中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2022年第12期1809-1811,1816,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的探讨上海市宝山区札如病毒感染所致聚集性呕吐腹泻疫情的流行病学特征,为学校聚集性呕吐腹泻事件规范处置提供参考。方法收集2017—2019年宝山区聚集性呕吐腹泻疫情,汇总每起聚集性疫情的病例基本信息、现场采集样本结果,运用描述性流行病学方法对疫情流行特征进行分析。结果2017—2019年宝山区共报告聚集性呕吐腹泻事件100起,其中札如病毒所致9起。札如病毒所致聚集性呕吐腹泻事件共报告病例120例,平均罹患率为2.37%,其中实验室确诊病例39例。疫情流行时间主要集中在9—11月,场所分布为小学4起,幼儿园5起;主要临床表现为呕吐(112/120,93.33%)、腹痛(27/120,22.50%)、腹泻(26/120,21.67%)。与诺如病毒事件相比,札如病毒的阳性率、呕吐、发热的检出率均低于诺如病毒(χ^(2)值分别为8.32,4.52,14.20,P值均<0.05)。结论在学校聚集性呕吐腹泻事件中,札如病毒的阳性检出率仅次于诺如病毒。应制定札如病毒感染性腹泻防控方案,为学校聚集性呕吐腹泻事件现场处置提供依据。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of cluster vomiting diarrhea outbreaks caused by Sapovirus infection in Baoshan District,Shanghai,and to provide reference for the standardized management of cluster vomiting diarrhea events in schools.Methods The cluster of vomiting and diarrhea outbreaks in Baoshan District from 2017 to 2019 were collected,and the basic information and scene of each cluster were summarized.Sample results were collected and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak.Results From 2017 to 2019,a total of 100 cluster vomiting and diarrhea events were reported in Baoshan District,including 9 cases caused by Sapovirus,120 cases of cluster vomiting diarrhea caused by Sapovirus,with an average incidence rate of 2.37%,including 39 laboratory-confirmed cases,the epidemic epidemic time was mainly concentrated in September to November,the places were distributed in 4 primary schools and 5 kindergartens,the main clinical manifestations were vomiting(112/120,93.33%),abdominal pain(27/120,22.50%),diarrhea(26/120,21.67%),compared with Norovirus events,the positive rate,vomiting and fever ratios of Zarovirus were lower than those of Norovirus(χ^(2)=8.32,4.52,14.20,P<0.05).Conclusion In school cluster vomiting and diarrhea events,the positive detection rate of Sapovirus is second enteric vinus behind Norovirus,and it’s recommended to formulate a prevention and control plan for Sapovirus infection diarrhea to provide a basis for the on-site treatment of school cluster vomiting diarrhea events.

关 键 词：肠道病毒感染 腹泻 疾病暴发流行 流行病学研究 学生 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R183[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R179R725.7