论历史唯物主义语境中的道德哲学趋向——从马克思恩格斯拒斥“道德说教”谈起  

On the Tendency of Moral Philosophy in the Context of Historical Materialism:With an Initial Discussion of Marx and Engels’ Rejection of “Moral Preaching”

作　　者：韦庭学[1] WEI Ting-xue(Department of Philosophy,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期9-17,共9页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“21世纪以来英美学者对马克思主义伦理学的重构及其对中国的启示研究”(19YJC710075);福建省社会科学研究基地重大项目“马克思的规范学说研究”(FJ2020MJD2009)。

摘　　要：马克思恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中对“道德说教”和“道德要求”所持的反常批判态度,引起人们对这些论断真实意图的多种猜测和解读。通过对他们的具体批判对象和面临的具体历史任务的分析可发现,马克思恩格斯只是强调“道德说教”和“道德要求”不是无产阶级革命的根源,但不能因此断定他们是非(反)道德主义者。马克思恩格斯道德观的基本特征主要在历史唯物主义中获得确认。历史唯物主义也支持某些抽象原则(道德原则)对调控各种社会关系的合理性,但是合理的抽象必须与具体现实紧密联系。推进当代马克思主义伦理学的研究,必须挖掘以合作、团结和大公无私等为主要内容的无产阶级道德。对无产阶级道德的时代性阐释,可为思考当今世界复杂的国内外矛盾关系提供伦理基础。Marx and Engels’ anomalously critical attitude towards “moral preaching” and “moral requirements” in The German Ideology has caused many commenters to speculate and interpret the real intention of these assertions.Through the analysis of their specific objects of criticism and the specific historical tasks they faced,it can be found that Marx and Engels only emphasized that “moral preaching” and “moral requirements” were not the sources of the proletarian revolution,but it cannot be concluded that they were amoralists or anti-moralists.The basic characteristics of Marx and Engels’ moral conception are mainly manifested in historical materialism.Historical materialism also supports the rationality of some abstract principles(moral principles) for regulating various social relations,but the reasonable abstraction must be closely connected with concrete reality.To promote the study of contemporary Marxist ethics,it is necessary to explore the proletarian morality,focusing on cooperation,solidarity and selflessness.The contemporary interpretation of proletarian morality can provide ethical basis for thinking about the complex contradictory relations at home and abroad in present world.

关 键 词：历史唯物主义 “道德说教” “道德要求” 无产阶级道德 

分 类 号：A11[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] A12