湖北省某地区不同种植模式下土壤与稻米中重金属含量和污染风险评价  

Heavy metal content and pollution risk assessment of soil and rice under different planting models in a region of Hubei Province

作　　者：姚晶晶[1,2] 吴旋 李葳 王明锐 崔文文[1,2] 张惠贤 易甜 YAO Jing-jing;WU Xuan;LI Wei;WANG Ming-rui;CUI Wen-wen;ZHANG Hui-xian;YI Tian(Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-products,Wuhan 430064,China;Huanggang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Huanggang 438000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,武汉430064 [2]农产品营养品质与安全湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064 [3]黄冈市农业技术促进中心,湖北黄冈438000

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2022年第22期146-151,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为了保障虾稻种植模式的农作物质量安全和良好的产地土壤环境,对湖北省某地区虾稻产地土壤和稻米中铬、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅、汞8种重金属,采取原子荧光仪(AFS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)建立检测技术,测定其含量并使用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合累计指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对土壤和稻米中的重金属进行风险评价。结果表明,3种稻田土壤中重金属含量均小于国标GB15618—2018中规定的农用地土壤污染筛选值。采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合累计指数法发现3种稻田均未受到重金属污染。土壤重金属生态风险评价中3种稻田土壤潜在生态污染等级为轻微风险。重金属As和Cd相比其他元素,其污染土壤和引起生态污染风险较高;常规稻田和2年虾稻稻田所生产的稻米中部分样品Pb超过国家限量标准,其余样品重金含量均符合国家标准要求。3种稻田稻米中重金属Pb的单因子污染指数Pi最大,表明Pb为稻米重金属污染主要因子。整体来说,研究区域的土壤环境良好,重金属含量符合国家标准,污染风险较小。In order to ensure the quality and safety of crops in the crayfish-rice planting mode and the good soil environment in the producing area,detection techniques for eight heavy metals such as chromium,nickel,copper,zinc,arsenic,cadmium,lead and mercury in soil and rice crom Hubei Province were established by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry(AFS)and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS)to determine their content and the risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and rice was made using single factor index method,Nemero comprehensive cumulative index method and potential ecological risk index method.The results showed that the content of heavy metals in the three paddy soils was less than the soil pollution screening value specified in the national standard GB 15618—2018.The single factor index method and the Nemero comprehensive cumulative index method showed that all three rice fields were not polluted by heavy metals.The potential ecological pollution level of the three paddy fields was a slight risk according to the ecological risk assessment of soil heavy metal;compared with other elements,heavy metals As and Cd had higher risks of soil pollution and ecological pollution;Pb in part of the rice produced by conventional rice fields and 2 years of shrimp and rice fields exceeded the national limit standard,and the remaining samples were in accordance with national standards.The single factor pollution index Pi of heavy metal Pb in the three paddy fields was the largest,indicating that Pb was the main pollution factor of heavy metal pollution in rice.Overall,the soil environment in the study area was good,the heavy metal content was in line with national standards,and the pollution risk was small.

关 键 词：虾稻共作 风险评价 重金属 土壤 水稻 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]