上海居民用能行为和住宅空调采暖能耗研究  

Occupant Behavior and HVAC Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings in Shanghai

作　　者：田楠楠 杨峰[1,2] TIAN Nan-nan;YANG Feng(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat(Tongji University),Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092 [2]高密度人居环境生态与节能(同济大学)教育部重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2022年第12期22-29,共8页Building Energy Efficiency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51678413)。

摘　　要：充分了解居民用能行为、居住及个人因素对建筑能耗的影响,有助于针对性地提出和推广优化用能行为措施来挖掘住宅节能潜力。通过对上海市5个不同类型小区的实地调研和走访,获得了不同小区中以家庭为单位的环境调控设备类型及数量、空调使用习惯、开窗通风习惯、月电费等居民用能相关数据、基本居住信息及被访问者个人信息,对居住建筑中能源使用者的行为特征进行归纳分析,并对若干因素与建筑能耗相关性加以回归分析。研究发现上海地区住宅室内环境制冷和采暖主要依靠分体空调,因此提高分体空调能源效率并鼓励居民选择高效产品有重要意义;设备数量与户内面积呈显著正相关关系;空调使用模式是“按需使用,人走即关”,表明使用者具有一定节能意识;空调夏季设定温度相对较节能,而冬季较不节能,夏季夜间开机率要高于冬季夜间,应进行宣传教育,使冬季空调设定温度趋向合理,引导夏季夜晚采用更节能的风扇等设备来降温;多数居民有保持通风的习惯,且老人优于年轻人,关窗原因由于各小区环境不同而略有差异,应通过前期设计创造利于通风的室外环境和室内空间,规避室外噪音等阻碍开窗的因素,对重点人群进行教育并鼓励开窗等被动式行为;在月电费粗略代替建筑能耗的前提下,建筑能耗与户内面积和空调数量呈显著正相关关系,与小区类型和常住人口数无直接关系,与被访问者收入无显著关系。希望能为进一步提出优化用能行为措施提供理论参考依据,以促进我国住宅建筑节能减排与可持续发展。In order to understand the role of occupant behavior and personal factors in building energy consumption,and to further propose measures to optimize energy use behavior,this paper obtained household-based environmental control equipment types and quantities,air-conditioning habits,window ventilation habits,monthly electricity bills and other relevant data on residential energy consumption and residential and personal information of the interviewee in different communities through a questionnaire survey of five different types of communities in Shanghai.It summarized the behavioral characteristics of energy users,and tried to understand whether there were differences in the occupant behavior of different types of communities,and analyzed the correlation between key factors and building energy consumption.The study found that the residential indoor environment in Shanghai mainly relies on split air conditioners for cooling and heating,so it is important to improve the energy efficiency of split air conditioners and encourage residents to choose efficient products;there is a significant positive correlation between the household total floor area and the number of air conditioner,and the use of air conditioner is generally on demand and turned off when people leave,which shows that residents have a certain energy saving awareness;The air conditioner set temperature in summer is relatively energy-efficient,while it is less energy-efficient in winter,and the operating rate at night in summer is higher than that at night in winter,so public education should be carried out to make the air-conditioning set temperature reasonable in winter and use more energy-efficient fans to cool down in summer nights;most residents have the habit of ventilation by opening windows,and the elderly are better than the young.The reasons for closing windows are slightly different due to the different environments of each community.Residential planning should have a well-ventilated outdoor environment in mind,and avoid outdoor noise and other

关 键 词：居住建筑 用能行为 空调采暖 建筑能耗 开窗 

分 类 号：TU83[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]