夏鼐与惠勒博士——追溯一段学术史  

Xia Nai and Mortimer Wheeler-Tracing Back a Period of Academic History

作　　者：王齐[1] Wang Qi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《南方文物》2022年第5期241-247,共7页Cultural Relics in Southern China

摘　　要：莫蒂默·惠勒(1890—1976年)是出生于英国的世界考古史上的知名人物,其研究范围广泛,包括罗马艺术与建筑、英国史前遗址、罗马帝国与英国的关系以及印度-巴基斯坦考古。他在皮特·里弗斯将军提出的考古发掘方法和原则的基础上,发展出一整套科学的田野考古方法,他主持的梅登堡发掘达到了他所在时代的前所未见的高度,为田野考古树立了新标杆。与此同时,惠勒热衷于发展考古教育事业和公共考古事业,新中国考古学的奠基者夏鼐在留学英国期间,尤其是1935至1936年间,曾跟随惠勒学习田野考古方法,并参与了1936年夏天的梅登堡发掘。新中国成立后,夏鼐阅读了惠勒的多部新作,追踪了惠勒的考古发掘技术和思想。本文将依据《夏鼐日记》所记夏鼐与惠勒的交往和对惠勒著作的阅读,勾勒出一段学术史。Mortimer Wheeler(1890-1976)was a British-born archaeologist who was well known worldwide.His excavations and researches covered a wide range from Roman art and architecture,prehistoric British sites,relations between British natives and Roman settlers,to the Indian and Pakistani archaeology.Based on the methods and prin ciples of General Pitt Rivers,he established a set of scientific methods of archaeological fieldwork.The Maiden Castle excavations achieved the level of sophistication unseen before and set new standards for excavations.Meanwhile,Wheeler was enthusiastic about archaeology education and public archaeology.Incidentally,the founder of archaeology of PRC Xia Nai studied archaeological fieldwork with Wheeler from 1935 to 1936,when he was working for his PH.D at University College of London.Xia Nai also attended the Maiden Casde excavation in the summer of1936.After 1949,Xia Nai read many of Wheeler’s published works,including Archaeology from the Earth,and followed Wheeler’s scientific excavation methods and principles.This paper tries to restore an academic history of Xia and Wheeler mainly based on The Diaries of Xia Nai.

关 键 词：夏鼐 惠勒 夏鼐日记 田野考古 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K825.81[历史地理—历史学] K835.61