CRISPR-Cas9技术介导蔬菜作物遗传改良研究进展  

Research progress of CRISPR-Cas9 technology application and achievement in vegetable crops genetic improvement

作　　者：万丽丽 王转茸 汤谧 张学军[2,3] 曾红霞 任俭 张娜 孙玉宏 熊建顺 朱志坤 WAN Li-li;WANG Zhuan-rong;TANG Mi;ZHANG Xue-jun;ZENG Hong-xia;REN Jian;ZHANG Na;SUN Yu-hong;XIONG Jian-shun;ZHU Zhi-kun(Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430065,China;The Research Center of Hami-melon,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding in Hainan of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572014,Hainan,China;Caidian Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau,Wuhan 430199,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市农业科学院,武汉430065 [2]新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院海南三亚农作物育种试验中心,海南三亚572014 [4]武汉市蔡甸区农业农村局,武汉430199

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2022年第24期100-109,共10页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省重点研发项目(2021BBA101;2022D14015);新疆农业科学院天山创新团队项目(2022D14015);武汉市农业科学院创新项目(XKCX202204-1);武汉市生物育种关键技术及新品种培育重大专项(2022021302024852)。

摘　　要：在植物中,CRISPR-Cas基因组编辑技术是一种改变基因功能并改良作物品种的新技术。与传统育种相比,CRISPR-Cas是一种操作简单、低成本、高效精准的技术,并且脱靶风险较低。蔬菜作物富含膳食纤维、维生素和矿物质,对人类健康至关重要。然而,随着气候环境的变化,生物和非生物胁迫对蔬菜的生产构成严重威胁,影响品质和产量。在综述中,概述了CRISPR技术发展史、CRISPR-Cas工具箱的组成、现有Cas蛋白的变体、CRISPR-Cas元件转化到植物中的方法以及基因编辑系统在蔬菜作物遗传改良应用中的具体案例,最后提出了CRISPR-Cas技术在蔬菜育种中的挑战和应用前景。In plants,CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology is a new technique to alter gene functions to generate improved crop varieties.Compared with traditional breeding,CRISPR-Cas is a simple,low-cost,efficient and accurate technology with a lower risk of off-target effects.Vegetable crops are rich in dietary fiber,vitamins and minerals,which are essential for human health.However,with the change of climate and environment,biotic and abiotic stresses pose a serious threat to vegetable production,affecting the quality and yield.In this review,the history of CRISPR technology,the components of CRISPR-CAS toolbox,the variants of existing Cas proteins,the methods of transforming CRISPR-CAS elements into plants,and the specific cases of gene editing systems in the genetic improvement of vegetable crops were summarized.Finally,the challenges and application prospects of CRISPR-Cas technology in vegetable breeding were put forward.

关 键 词：CRISPR-Cas9 蔬菜 双链断裂(DSB) DNA修复 精准编辑 性状改良 

分 类 号：S330[农业科学—作物遗传育种] S336[农业科学—农艺学]