发酵配合饵料对鳙鱼肠道健康的影响  

Effect of fermented compound feed on intestinal health of bighead carp

作　　者：奉广莉 类延菊 杨品红[1] 黄春红[1] 邵立业 FENG Guang-li;LEI Yan-ju;YANG Pin-hong;HUANG Chun-hong;SHAO Li-ye

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院水产高效健康生产湖南省协同创新中心,环洞庭湖水产健康养殖及加工湖南省重点实验室常德市农业生物大分子研究中心,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2022年第22期68-73,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:2021JJ30468);湖南省教育厅重点项目(项目编号:18B394);湖南省教育厅一般项目(项目编号:19C1270)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究不同比例发酵配合饵料对鳙鱼肠道消化酶活及肠道菌群的影响。选择大小均匀的鳙鱼180尾,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。F0组鱼饲喂配合饵料,F50组鱼饲喂50%配合饵料+50%发酵饵料,F100组鱼饲喂100%发酵饵料。试验期8 w。结果显示:F100组鳙鱼增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于F0组(P<0.05),F50组鳙鱼存活率(SR)显著高于F0组、F100组(P<0.05)。F100组鳙鱼肠道消化酶活性显著高于F50组(P<0.05)。随发酵饵料替代比例增加,鳙鱼肠道及肠道内容物中Shannon指数降低。在门水平上,F0组、F50组和F100组鳙鱼肠道厚壁菌门、变形菌门为优势菌群,肠道中厚壁菌门相对丰度增加,浮霉菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度降低,肠道内容物中变形菌门相对丰度显著降低;在属水平上,FN0组、FN50组、FN100组的优势属为乳杆菌属和乳球菌属。随发酵饵料替代比例的增加,肠道及肠道内容物中,乳杆菌属丰度上升明显,乳球菌属丰度降低。研究表明,饲喂100%发酵饵料能够显著提高鳙鱼的生长性能和肠道消化酶活性,饲喂50%配合饵料能够显著提高鳙鱼存活率,改善肠道菌群平衡,有效促进鳙鱼肠道健康。The experiment was to investigate the effect of different proportions of fermented feed on intestinal digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora of bighead carp. A total of 180 bighead carp with uniform size were randomly divided into three groups, with three replicates in each group and 20 fish in each replicate. The fish in F0 group were fed with complex feed, the fish in F50 group were fed with 50% complex feed + 50% fermented feed, and the fish in F100 group were fed with 100% fermented feed. The experiment lasted for 8 w. The results showed that the bighead carp WGR and SGR in F100 group were significantly higher than those in F0 group(P<0.05), and the bighead carp SR in F50group was significantly higher than that in F0 group and F100 group(P<0.05). The activity of bighead carp intestinal digestive enzymes in F100 group were significantly higher than those in F50 group(P<0.05). The Shannon index of bighead carp gut and intestinal contents decreased with the increase of fermentation feed replacement ratio. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the bighead intestinal tract in F0 group, F50 group and F100 group were the dominant microflora. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal tract increased, while the relative abundance of fluctus, Proteobacteria and actinomycetes decreased, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestinal content decreased significantly. At the genus level, the dominant genera of FN0 group, FN50 group and FN100 group were Lactobacillus and Lactococcus. With the increase of the replacement proportion of fermented feed, the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestinal tract and intestinal content increased significantly, while the abundance of Lactococcus decreased. The experiment indicates that feeding 100% fermented feed can significantly improve growth performance and intestinal digestive enzyme activity of bighead carp, while feeding 50% compound feed can significantly improve the survival rate of bighead carp, improve the balance of int

关 键 词：鳙鱼 发酵饵料 消化酶活性 优势菌群 肠道健康 

分 类 号：S963.5[农业科学—水产养殖]