城乡基本公共服务、要素流动与收入差距  

Urban and Rural Basic Public Services,Factor Mobility and Income Gap

作　　者：钱力[1] 张轲 QIAN Li;ZHANG Ke(School of Economics,Anhui University of Finance&Economics,Bengbu 233030,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学经济学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《统计与信息论坛》2023年第2期103-116,共14页Journal of Statistics and Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“要素市场分割视域下中国地区经济差距研究”(20BJL026);国家社会科学基金项目“连片特困地区精准扶贫绩效评估与路径优化研究”(17BJY134);安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目“安徽巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接研究”(AHSKQ2021D159)。

摘　　要：缩小收入差距是促进社会公平的具体体现,促进城乡基本公共服务均等化是实现共同富裕的着力点。已有研究大多聚焦在城乡基本公共服务的相关理论层面,较少研究将城乡基本公共服务差距、要素流动与城乡收入差距置于同一个分析框架,缺乏进一步对其中机理分析与影响效应的探讨。城乡基本公共服务存在较大差距,在一定程度上会影响城乡要素的配置,进而对城乡收入等造成影响。为此,在阐述城乡基本公共服务对收入差距作用机制的基础上,基于2001—2020年全国29个省级数据,采用双向固定效应模型,探究城乡基本公共服务差距对居民收入差距的直接影响,并运用逐步回归法分析要素流动在此过程中充当的机制作用。研究结果表明:城乡基本公共服务差距与城乡收入差距之间存在“U型”非线性关系;异质性研究中,城乡基本公共服务差距对城乡收入差距的影响呈现时间段差异,现阶段影响更为显著;东北地区城乡基本公共服务差距与收入差距呈现不同于其他地区的“倒U型”关系;进一步研究发现,劳动力流动、资本流动和技术流动在城乡基本公共服务差距影响城乡收入差距的过程中承担重要机制作用。基于此,提出三条政策建议:一是从文化、医疗、社会保障等方面稳步提升城乡基本公共服务均等化的水平;二是从建立城乡人口合理流动的制度机制、完善深化户籍制度、培养新型农业主体等促进城乡要素双向流动;三是创立并完善劳务输出网络体系以规范农村就业中介组织。Narrowing the income gap is a concrete embodiment of promoting social equity, and promoting the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas is the focus of achieving common prosperity.Most of the existing studies focus on the theoretical level of urban and rural basic public services, and few studies place the gap between urban and rural basic public services, factor flows and urban and rural income gaps in the same analytical framework, lack of further analysis of the mechanism and effects of the discussion.There is a big gap between urban and rural basic public services, which will affect the allocation of urban and rural elements to some extent, and then affect urban and rural income.To this end, on the basis of expounding the mechanism of the role of urban and rural basic public services on income gap, based on the data of 29 provinces and cities in China from 2001 to 2020,a two-way fixed effect model is used to explore the direct impact of the gap between urban and rural basic public services on the income gap of residents, and the gradual regression method is used to analyze the mechanism of factor flow in this process.The results show that there is a “U-shaped” nonlinear relationship between the gap between urban and rural basic public services and the income gap between urban and rural areas.In the study of heterogeneity, the impact of the gap between urban and rural basic public services on the income gap between urban and rural areas showed a time period difference, and the impact was more significant at this stage.The gap between urban and rural basic public services and the income gap in Northeast China show a “inverted U-shaped” relationship that is different from that in other regions.Further research shows that labor mobility, capital mobility and technology mobility play an important institutional role in the process of the gap between urban and rural basic public services affecting the income gap between urban and rural areas.Based on this, three policy recommendations

关 键 词：城乡基本公共服务 要素流动 收入差距 影响效应 传导机制 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学] F124.7