回收废锂离子电池中贵金属元素的研究进展  

Reviews on Recovering Noble Metals from Waste Lithium-Ion Batteries

作　　者：黄旭 戴庆伟[2] Huang Xu;Dai Qingwei(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing,401331;School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing,401331)

机构地区：[1]重庆科技学院化学化工学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆科技学院冶金与材料工程学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《化学通报》2023年第1期34-41,共8页Chemistry

基　　金：重庆市高校创新研究群体项目(CXQT21030);重庆市青年专家工作室和重庆英才计划项目(CQYC201905100)资助。

摘　　要：随着电力储能需求的激增,大量投入市场的锂离子电池在废弃时面临回收率低下的问题。废弃锂电池中锂、钴等贵金属作为战略性资源,存在短缺风险,对其提取并回收在减少环境污染的同时具有显著经济意义。湿法冶金工艺因其低能耗污染等优势,在回收锂电池贵金属的研究中应用广泛。本文在阐述锂电池结构的基础上,从浸出液、预处理等方面对工艺与机制进行深入分析,并简述以生物浸出液为主的生物湿法冶金作用机制与影响因素。此外,火法冶金技术在锂电池回收方面发展势头迅猛,文章归纳近期新兴工艺与回收机理。最后,总结现阶段工艺回收废锂离子电池中贵金属的局限,对未来技术升级进行展望,旨在促进贵金属回收进程,助力实现国家“双碳”目标。With the surge in demand for electric energy storage, abundant waste lithium-ion batteries face the problem of low recycling rate. Lithium, cobalt and other noble metals in waste lithium-ion batteries, as strategic resources, are at risk of shortage. Extracting and recycling them has significant economic significance while reducing environmental pollution. Due to the advantages of low energy consumption and pollution, hydrometallurgy is widely used in the research of recovering precious metals from lithium-ion batteries. On the basis of expounding the structure of lithium battery, this paper deeply analyzes the processes and mechanisms from the aspects of leaching solution and pretreatment, and briefly describes the mechanisms and influencing factors of biological hydrometallurgy dominated by biological leaching solution. In addition, pyrometallurgical technology is developing rapidly in the recovery of lithium batteries. The recent emerging processes and recovery mechanisms are also summarizes. Finally, in order to promote the precious metal recycling process and help achieve the goal of “double carbon”, the limitations of recycling precious metals from waste lithium batteries at the present stage are summarized, and the future technology upgrading is prospected.

关 键 词：湿法冶金 生物湿法 锂电池回收 火法冶金 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]