《资本论》与《经济表》资本循环理论的比较研究  

A comparative study on the economic cycle theory of Das Kapital and Tableau Economique

作　　者：刘新刚 卢鑫 LIU Xingang;LU Xin(School of Marxism,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 102488,P.R.China;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 102488,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学马克思主义学院,北京102488 [2]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京102488

出　　处：《重庆大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期153-164,共12页Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：关于《资本论》和《经济表》资本循环理论的异同问题,学界长期以来存在“相近说”和“超越说”两种观点。然而,这两种观点都存在较为明显的缺陷:“相近说”更多强调马克思和魁奈的资本循环理论在“研究方法”“内在逻辑”和“现实应用”的相近之处,而忽视了马克思批判魁奈而形成的理论观点;“超越说”更多强调两位学者在学术立场上的差异,以及由此带来的资本循环理论的差异。两种观点都没有全面反映《资本论》和《经济表》在资本循环理论上的异同。文章分别从“主要观点”和“方法论”层面对两者的资本循环理论展开比较后发现,《资本论》和《经济表》的资本循环理论呈现出“主要观点相近”和“方法论相异”并存的现象。通过对这一独特的学术现象进行深层次的剖析后发现,之所以在方法论相异的情况下《资本论》和《经济表》的资本循环理论在主要观点上仍然存在诸多相近之处,主要原因在于马克思和魁奈在考察资本循环问题时都经历“经济关系”分析的环节。然而,由于马克思和魁奈对“劳动一般”和“自然秩序”的理解不同,两种资本循环理论存在根本性差异。虽然多次对魁奈的资本循环理论表示认同,马克思也意识到其自身理论观点与《经济表》存在不同,但由于主客观因素的影响,马克思在后续的研究中并未充分展现出其与魁奈在资本循环问题上的理论差异。通过对两者资本循环理论的比较也可以看出,“主要观点”和“方法论”的统一是马克思主义经济学理论的属性。这一理论属性也影响了马克思对于同时期其他经济学流派和经济学家的资本循环理论的吸收和批判。掌握马克思主义经济学的这一理论属性,对吸收当代经济学流派关于资本循环的新观点,推进当代中国马克思主义资本循环理论创新和构建以“As for the similarities and differences between the capital circulation theories of Das Kapital and Tableau Economique,there have been two views in the academic circle,namely,“the theory of similarity”and“the theory of transcendence”.However,there are obvious defects in these two views:“the theory of similarity”emphasizes more the similarities between Marx’s and Quesnay’s capital cycle theories in“research methods”,“internal logic”and“practical applications”,while ignoring the theoretical views formed by Marx’s criticism of Quesnay;“the theory of transcendence”emphasizes more on the differences between the two scholars’academic positions,as well as the resulting differences in the capital cycle theory.The two views do not fully reflect the similarities and differences between Das Kapital and Tableau Economique in the theory of capital circulation.After comparing the capital cycle theories of the two from the perspective of“main viewpoints”and“methodology”,this study finds that the capital cycle theories of Das Kapital and Tableau Economique show the coexistence of“similar main viewpoints”and“different methodologies”.Through in-depth analysis of this unique academic phenomenon,it is found that there are still many similarities in the main points of view of the capital cycle theory of Das Kapital and Tableau Economique when the methodology is different.The main reason is that Marx and Quesnay both experienced the link of“economic relationship”analysis when investigating the capital cycle problem.However,as Marx and Quesnay have different understandings of“general labor”and“natural order”,there are fundamental differences between the two capital circulation theories.Although he has repeatedly agreed with Quesnay’s theory of capital circulation,Marx has also realized that his own theoretical views are different from those of the Tableau Economique,but due to the influence of subjective and objective factors,Marx has not fully demonstrated his theoretic

关 键 词：《资本论》 《经济表》 资本循环理论 “观点相近”“方法论相异”并存 马克思主义经济学理论属性 

分 类 号：F038[经济管理—政治经济学]