广州南沙湿地公园鸟类2014—2018年际动态及其对生境变化的响应  

Intertemporal Dynamics of Birds and Their Response to Habitat Change in Nansha Wetland Park,Guangzhou from 2014 to 2018

作　　者：黄源欣 李梦婷 胡慧建 袁倩敏 梁健超 李玫[1] 廖宝文[1] Huang Yuanxin;Li Mengting;Hu Huijian;Yuan Qianmin;Liang Jianchao;Li Mei;Liao Baowen(Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization,Institute of Zoology,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510260,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广州510642 [3]广东省科学院动物研究所,广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室,广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广州510260

出　　处：《热带地理》2023年第1期71-87,共17页Tropical Geography

基　　金：广东省重点研发专项(2020B020214001-KT02);国家自然科学基金项目(41876094);广东省林业科技创新平台项目“林业生态监测网络平台建设”(2020-KYXM-09)。

摘　　要：为了解广州南沙湿地鸟类迁徙规律,揭示鸟类整体迁徙动态变化,于2014年1月至2018年12月,连续在每月下旬日落前3 h采用样点法和样线法对南沙湿地公园鸟类群落多样性进行调查。结果显示:1)2014—2018年共记录到鸟类139种,以冬候鸟为主。2)鸟类物种数年际波动较大,丰富度年际变化不明显,即鸟类种类在逐渐增加的同时,个体数量趋于稳定。3)鸟类月度变化呈现明显的候鸟迁徙规律,越冬期急速上升,繁殖期平缓。越冬水鸟迁飞时间有提前的趋势,且在富有食物来源的浅水滩涂地和在无瓣海桑等高大茂盛的红树林群落有更多种类与数量的水鸟分布。最后,建议在注重绿化连续性和整体性的同时,保护和管理鸟类的栖息环境,适当扩大滩涂地面积,增加红树林种植面积以及合理地围垦,科学维持浅水滩涂和红树林种植面积比例,吸引更多越冬候鸟。As an important land and water transition zone on Earth,wetlands are good places for birds to breed and roost.Bird monitoring has become an important index for assessing the biodiversity and ecological environment of a region.Nansha Wetland Park in Guangzhou is rich in biological resources and provides an important resting and wintering ground for global migratory birds as it is located on their migration route from East Asia to Australasia.To understand the migration patterns and annual dynamic changes of birds in the Nansha Wetland Park,line-and point-transect surveys were conducted to collect bird species and abundance data from January 2014 to December 2018.First,our results showed that 139 birds were recorded during the study period,of which migrant species were dominant.Combined with the available literature,a total of 186 bird species were recorded,belonging to 17 orders and 49 families.Of these bird species,165 are under various levels of protection.Second,while the interannual changes in bird abundance were substantial,those of bird species richness were not,indicating that bird species tended to reach maximum abundance in bird communities.When compared to bird abundance in 2015,the number of individuals was relatively stable in other years of investigation,and the number of investigated species was the highest in 2017.Finally,monthly changes in bird species were in accordance with the annual rhythms of migration.Specifically,bird species richness increased rapidly during the wintering period,but remained constant during the breeding period.In addition,the migration time of waterbirds tended to increase over time.This may be related to a warming climate that prompts birds to migrate earlier.Differences in habitat patches are important influencers of bird feeding habits,and thus bird distribution and habitat.Among the habitat patches investigated,birds were primarily distributed in shallow tidal flats with rich food sources and in tall and lush mangrove communities,such as those containing the species Son

关 键 词：南沙湿地公园 鸟类群落 生物多样性 迁徙规律 生境选择 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]