紫草茸的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Shellac

作　　者：孙灵芝 柴兴云 SUN Ling-zhi;CHAI Xing-yun(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学中医学院 [2]北京中医药大学中药现代研究中心

出　　处：《中国食品药品监管》2022年第12期120-125,共6页China Food & Drug Administration Magazine

基　　金：2021年北京社科基金规划项目专项(21LSA001)。

摘　　要：紫草茸存在古今名物不一致、基原混淆不清等问题。本文以医学史的视角,采用文献学的方法,查阅史志书籍、档案史料及历代本草方书等资料,考察紫草茸历史上的名称、基原、产地及运用情况。名称方面,根据性状特征、音转,紫草茸有“紫矿”“紫胶”“紫”“勒佉”“禄其”等多种别名。基原方面,随着人们对紫草茸的认识增加,其在本草古籍里的记载存在从玉石部到木部再到虫部的转变经过。《卫生部药品标准》藏药分册规定,紫草茸为胶蚧科动物紫胶虫Laccifer lacca Kerr.的雌体寄生于豆科檀属Dalbergia L.f.和梧桐科火绳树属Eriolaenea DC.等为主的多种植物树干上所分泌的胶质物。产地方面,紫草茸国内外均有产,国内主产于云南和西藏等地。运用方面,紫草茸可用来做染料、胭脂和胶剂,可治疗金创、妇人带下、小儿痘疮等。《卫生部药品标准》藏药分册规定,紫草茸具有解毒、止血、活血化瘀的功效,用于血痨热、肿毒恶疮、瘀血不化。本文通过对紫草茸的系统考证,以期为其资源开发利用提供文献依据和理论支撑。There are many problems in the research of shellac, such as inconsistence of ancient and modern names and confusion of origin. This paper examines the name, origin, place fo production, and application of shellac in the history of medicine from the perspective of medical history, using a bibliographic approach and reviewing sources such as historical books, archival historical materials, and the herbal prescription books of the past. According to the characteristics and pronunciation, shellac could also be called as "Zikuang", "Zijiao", "Zimao", "Lequ" or "Leki". When it comes to origin, in ancient medical books, it was considered to come from the jade to the wood to the insects. Shellac was recorded as a natural polymer from female lac insect Laccifer lacca Kerr. in tree branches of host plants such as Dalbergia L.f. or Eriolaenea DC or other host plants in the Tibetan Medicine of the Drug Standards of the Ministry of Health. In terms of place fo production, Shellac is produced both at home and abroad, mainly in Yunnan and Tibet. It can be used as dye, rouge and gel to treat incised(metalinflicted) wound, leukorrhea, and variola. In the Tibetan Medicine of the Drug Standards of the Ministry of Health, it is believed that the Shellac has the effect of clearing toxins, stopping bleeding, circulating blood and transform stasis, which can be used to treat swollen and malignant sores and blood stasis. In this paper, through the systematic research on the Shellac, we hope to provide historical documentary evidences and theoretical support for the development and utilization of the resources of shellac.

关 键 词：紫草茸 名称 基原 产地 运用 本草考证 

分 类 号：R281[医药卫生—中药学]