塔罗科血橙果实内裂与营养元素含量及品质的关系初探  

A preliminary study on the connection among peel-pitting,mineral nutrients content and quality of Tarocco blood orange

作　　者：田洋 何满 万连杰 李俊杰 郑永强[1] 吕强[1] 谢让金[1] 马岩岩 邓烈[1] 朱文祥 易时来[1] TIAN Yang;HE Man;WAN Lian-jie;LI Jun-Jie;ZHENG Yong-qiang;LÜ Qiang;XIE Rang-jin;MA Yan-yan;DENG Lie;ZHU Wen-xiang;YI Shi-lai(Citrus Research Institute,Southwest University/National Citrus Engineering Research Center/Citrus Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 400712;Chongqing Rui Fengyuan Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 404000)

机构地区：[1]西南大学柑桔研究所/中国农业科学院柑桔研究所/国家柑桔工程技术研究中心,重庆400712 [2]重庆蕤峰园农业有限公司,重庆404000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第11期140-147,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(cstc2020jscx-msxmX0026,cstc2020jscx-msxm0079);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0700602,2016YFD0200104)。

摘　　要：通过研究塔罗科血橙果实内裂与树体不同器官组织的氮、磷、钾、钙、硼等含量及果实品质的关系,为减轻塔罗科血橙果实内裂和改善果品质量提供技术支撑与理论依据。以10年生枳橙砧塔罗科血橙为试材,于果实成熟期测定果实不同内裂程度类型(分正常果HF、轻度内裂果SlF、重度内裂果SeF 3种类型)的果皮、果肉、对应枝条和叶片的氮、磷、钾、钙、硼等含量以及果实外观与内在的品质指标,分析不同内裂程度各器官组织的氮、磷、钾、钙、硼含量与果实质量差异及其可能原因。塔罗科血橙枝条氮含量高低顺序为SlF>HF>SeF,磷含量SlF>SeF>HF,钾含量HF>SlF>SeF;不同内裂类型的叶片和果皮氮、磷、钾含量差异均不显著;果肉氮含量SeF显著低于SlF和HF,磷、钾含量差异均不显著。不同内裂类型塔罗科血橙的枝条、叶片、果皮的钙、硼含量高低顺序规律相同,均为HF>SlF>SeF;果肉钙含量HF>SlF>SeF,而果肉硼含量SeF>SlF>HF。单果重和果皮重大小顺序均为HF>SlF>SeF;随着果实内裂程度的增加,果面颜色逐渐变黄,果皮逐渐变薄,硬度逐渐降低,而果实可溶性固形物、固酸比和花色苷含量有所增加。初步结果显示,正常果与内裂果的钙、硼含量及果实品质均有显著差异,果皮中钙、硼含量高的果实不容易发生内裂,但果肉硼含量高的果实内在品质稍好。钙、硼等营养水平是否影响塔罗科血橙果皮、果肉等相关酶活性,从而进一步影响果胶含量、果皮强度与延展性等,还需要进一步系统深入开展钙、硼等营养元素调控研究,为科学合理调控塔罗科血橙不同器官组织的钙、硼等营养水平以及减轻果实内裂提供理论依据与技术支持。In order to provide a theoretical basis to ease the peel-pitting and improve fruit quality of the fruit of Tarocco blood orange,the relationships among Tarocco blood orange’s peel-pitting and the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and boron in different organs and tissues and the fruit quality were studied.10-year-old Tarocco blood orange grafted on Poncirus trifoliata L. in fructescence was used as material in this experiment.According to the degree of fruit peel-pitting and its proportion in the whole fruit surface,the inner crack was divided into three types,including health fruit(HF),slightly peel-pitting fruit(SlF),severely peel-pitting fruit(SeF).The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and boron in pericarp,flesh,branch,blade and exterior and internal quality index of different degrees of peel-pitting Tarocco blood orange were determined and analyzed in order to find the discrepancy of the quality of fruit in different degrees of peel-pitting blood orange.The sequence of nitrogen content in branches of Tarocco blood orange was SlF>HF>SeF,phosphorus content was SlF>SeF>HF,potassium content was HF>SlF>SeF;the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium in blades and pericarp of different types of peel-pitting fruit were not significantly different;the content of nitrogen in SeF pulp was significantly lower than that SlF and HF,while the content of phosphorus and potassium had no significant difference.The sequence of calcium and boron contents in branches,blades and pericarp of different types of peel-pitting Tarocco blood orange was the same,which was HF>SlF>SeF;the sequence of calcium content in pulp was HF>SlF>SeF,while the sequence of boron content in pulp was SeF>SlF>HF.Both of the sequence of weight of whole fruit and pericarp were HF>SlF>SeF.With the increase of the degree of fruit peel-pitting,the color of the fruit surface gradually turned yellow,the peel gradually became thinner,and the hardness gradually decreased,while the TSS,TSS/TA and anthocyanin content of the frui

关 键 词：塔罗科血橙 果皮内裂 营养元素 果实品质 

分 类 号：S666.4[农业科学—果树学]