激光选区熔化技术应用于无损检测模拟试块制备的研究及试块表征分析  

Research on application of laser selective melting technology in preparation of non-destructive testing simulated test block and its characterization analysis

作　　者：张亮[1,2] 唐凌天 王玉健[3] 刘明 王海舟 ZHANG Liang;TANG Lingtian;WANG Yujian;LIU Ming;WANG Haizhou(Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;China NIL Research Center for Proficiency Testing,Beijing 100081,China;TSC Laser Technology Development(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102200,China;NCS Testing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院有限公司,北京100081 [2]北京中实国金国际实验室能力验证研究有限公司,北京100081 [3]鑫精合激光科技发展(北京)有限公司,北京102206 [4]钢研纳克检测技术股份有限公司,北京100081

出　　处：《冶金分析》2022年第11期15-23,共9页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3702103)。

摘　　要：无损检测模拟试块在实际探伤领域有着重要应用,但试块及其缺陷的制备存在较大困难,增材制造由于独特的成型工艺,使得缺陷的自由设计及试块加工成型成为可能。实验利用激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting,SLM)增材制造技术制备了材质为316L不锈钢的无损检测模拟试块,在试块内部设计了缺陷孔径尺寸为Ф0.1 mm~Ф0.6 mm的6个数值梯度的模拟孔洞和裂纹类缺陷。研究结果表明:金属粉末经SLM方法成型试块后,化学成分无明显变化;缺陷设计孔径为Ф0.4 mm~Ф0.6 mm时,缺陷制备重复性较好,且形态相对均完整;由于成型过程中激光穿透作用和热影响区熔化粘粉现象导致缺陷形状精度变差。模拟孔洞和裂纹缺陷的超声波检测波形变化信息及规律与缺陷实际状态相符。激光选区熔化增材制造技术应用于无损检测模拟试块的制备具有可行性。The simulated test blocks for non-destructive testing have important applications in the field of actual flaw detection,but the preparation of test blocks and their defects is difficult.Due to the unique molding process of additive manufacturing,it is possible for free design of defects and machine shaping of test blocks.A simulated test block made of 316 L stainless steel for non-destructive testing was prepared by selective laser melting(SLM)additive manufacturing technology.Simulated holes and crack defects with six numerical gradients(aperture sizes ranging fromФ0.1 mm toФ0.6 mm)were designed inside the specimens.The results showed that after form the metal powder into test block by the SLM method,the chemical composition had no obvious change.When the defect design aperture was in range ofФ0.4 mm-Ф0.6 mm,the defect preparation had good repeatability,and the shape was relatively complete.Due to the effect of laser penetration and the phenomenon of melting and sticking of powder in the heat-affected zone during the molding process,the shape accuracy of the defects decreased.The ultrasonic waveform changing information and pattern of the simulated hole and crack defects were consistent with the actual state of the defects.It is feasible to apply SLM technology to the preparation of simulated test blocks for non-destructive testing.

关 键 词：增材制造 模拟试块 缺陷 无损检测 超声波检测 工业用计算机断层成像技术(工业CT) 

分 类 号：TG441.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]