可穿戴热电发电器的研究进展  

Research Progress of Wearable Thermoelectric Generator

作　　者：张斌[1] 徐桂英[1] ZHANG Bin;XU Guiying(Beijing Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Energy Materials and Technology,School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京市新能源材料与技术重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第2期106-123,共18页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“国家质量基础的共性技术研究与应用”重点专项项目“新型功能材料关键特性参数计量标准研究”(2017YFF0204706);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(FRF-MP-18-005);颠覆性创新(19-163-13-ZT-001-009-19)。

摘　　要：人体的能量大部分以热量的形式释放,其与外界的温差平均约5~30℃,因此体热可以很好地作为热电发电器的热源。与传统发电器相比,可穿戴热电发电器将人体所散发的低品位热量转化为有效电能,有可能为一些功率要求小于毫瓦级的无线传感器节点提供足够的能量,同时还具备无污染、轻便、稳定等特性,因此越来越受到关注。目前柔性可穿戴热电发电器的研究主要聚焦基于块体型热电材料、基于薄膜状型热电材料和基于纺织织物型热电材料的三大类热电发电器。其中,块体型热电发电器的输出功率一般为每平方厘米几十微瓦,热电臂材料主要为室温热电性能较高的碲化铋基合金,研究重点在于提升这类器件的输出性能和柔性。薄膜型热电发电器的输出功率一般在每平方厘米纳瓦和微瓦之间,按结构可分为水平型和垂直型,常见的水平型器件包含串联型、堆积与卷起型和折叠型,通常会产生较大的输出电压;而垂直型器件单位面积的热电臂对数增多,会产生较大的功率密度。纺织织物型热电发电器输出功率较小,但是具有优良的拉伸、弯曲和面内剪切性能,可以适应3D变形,更适合在弯曲的人体皮肤表面收集热量。本文综述了以上三大类主流的柔性可穿戴热电发电器的研究状况,并从设计、结构和性能方面分析了各类热电发电器的优缺点。Most of the energy of the human body is released in the form of heat.The average temperature difference between human body and outside circumstances is about 5—30℃,therefore human body heat can be a good energy source for thermoelectric generators.Compared with traditional generators,wearable thermoelectric generators can harvest and convert low-grade heat released by the human body into usable electrical energy,which may be sufficient for some wireless sensor nodes whose power demand is less than milliwatts.Wearable thermoelectric generators offer a new choice for the power supply of wearable devices,and seem superior to secondary rechargeable batteries owing to the merits of non-pollution,light weight,and continuity.Currently the global upsurge of research interest in this field mainly focuses on three types of generators which are fabricated based on different types of thermoelectric materials-bulk materials,thin films,and fabrics.The first type is generators based on bulk thermoelectric materials with high room-temperature thermoelectric properties(mainly bismuth telluride-based alloys and bismuth telluride-based alloys).This type of generators can output the power of generally tens of microwatts per square centimeter,and their output performance and flexibility are relatively poor and need to be improved through further investigations.The second type of generators(based on thermoelectric thin films)can output the power density ranging from nanowatts to microwatts per square centimeter,and can be divided further into horizontal type and vertical type according to the device structure.The horizontal type can produce relatively larger output voltage and is usually realized by different ways of arrangement of thermoelectric arms,such as stacking,rolling,or folding.In comparison,the vertical type devices have higher area-average numbers of thermoelectric arm pairs,and hence,larger power density.The third type of generators fabricated based on thermoelectric fabrics,notwithstanding low output power density,is

关 键 词：柔性可穿戴 热电发电器 块体型 薄膜型 纺织织物型 

分 类 号：TN37[电子电信—物理电子学]