基于红外相机对贡嘎山牦牛和水鹿活动节律的研究  

Activity Rhythms of Yak and Rusa unicolor in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve Based on Camera Trapping

作　　者：王茗 蒋勇 贾国清 刘伟[1] 杨楠 WANG Ming;JIANG Yong;JIA Guoqing;LIU Wei;YANG Nan(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China;Institute of Qinghai‑Tibet Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,成都610041 [2]四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区管理局,四川康定626000 [3]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,成都610041

出　　处：《四川动物》2023年第1期21-28,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2020NYB42)。

摘　　要：为了探究同域分布的牦牛和水鹿Rusa unicolor的共存机制,2017年1月—2020年12月在贡嘎山国家级自然保护区利用红外相机技术对二者进行监测,在459个监测位点中有效相机位点数为291个,共获得4323张水鹿和728张牦牛的独立有效照片。采用核密度估计法及重叠指数对比分析了牦牛和水鹿的日活动节律和空间分布的差异。结果表明:水鹿选择在晨昏和夜间活动,而牦牛多在昼间活动,二者活动节律差异显著(Δ=0.62,P<0.05)。在空间生态位上,二者均倾向于选择在中高海拔区域(3000~3400 m)的寒温性针叶林和温性针阔叶混交林中活动,重叠度较高(Oik=0.995)。但高海拔区域(>4000 m)仅见牦牛活动,两者存在不同海拔上分离的现象(Δ=0.51,P<0.01)。因此,目前保护区内牦牛放牧对水鹿的影响较小,二者能在保护区内实现良好共存。In order to explore the coexistence mechanism of sympatric yaks and sambar(Rusa unicolor),the two animals were monitored by camera trapping in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve from January 2017 to December 2020.A total of 4323 independently effective photos of R.unicolor and 728 of yaks were obtained from the 291 effective camera sites in 459 detected locations.The differences in daily activity rhythm and spatial distribution of yaks and R.unicolor were compared and analyzed by kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap.The results showed that the daily rhythm of R.unicolor showed a bimodal pattern with the peak activity occurring at early morning,dusk and night,while yaks were more active in the daytime.The activity rhythms of the two species were significantly different(Δ=0.62,P<0.05).In terms of spatial niche,both species tended to be active in the cold-temperate coniferous forests and temperate coniferous‐broad‐leaved mixed forests in the middle and high altitude regions(3000-3400 m),with a high degree of overlap(Oik=0.995).By contrast,only yaks were encountered in the high-altitude area(>4000 m),and there was an obvious spatial separation at different altitudes(Δ=0.51,P<0.01).Therefore,the current grazing of yaks in the reserve has little effect on the activity rhythm of R.unicolor,and yaks can coexist with R.unicolor.

关 键 词：贡嘎山国家级自然保护区 红外相机 水鹿 牦牛 活动节律 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学]