四川白腹鼠属(啮齿目:鼠科)一新分布记录及其形态学研究  

A New Distribution Record and Morphological Analysis of Genus Niviventer(Rodentia:Muridae)in Sichuan

作　　者：唐明坤[1] 索郎夺尔基 王旭明 刘莹洵 廖锐[1] 王新[1] 刘少英[1] TANG Mingkun;Suolangduoerji;WANG Xuming;LIU Yingxun;LIAO Rui;WANG Xin;LIU Shaoying(Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland,Chengdu 610081,China;The Management Bureau of Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve,Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province 624500,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室,成都610081 [2]若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区管理局,四川阿坝624500

出　　处：《四川动物》2023年第1期61-74,共14页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：2021年四川省林业科学研究院基本科研项目(2021JBKY06);若尔盖草原鼠害快速评估及绿色防控关键技术研究与示范项目(2022YFS0483);若尔盖地区沙地林草植被恢复及草原鼠害防控项目(510201202109731);国家自然科学基金项目(31970399);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川饲草创新团队专项建设资金项目(sccxtd-2020-16)。

摘　　要：为掌握四川省白腹鼠属Niviventer物种及形态特征,在系统梳理四川省林业科学研究院动物标本馆保存的四川省白腹鼠属标本基础上,利用分子及形态学方法开展比较研究,发现:(1)四川省白腹鼠属一新分布记录——海南社鼠N.lotipes,确认四川省分布有安氏白腹鼠N.andersoni、川西白腹鼠N.excelsior、北社鼠N.confucianus、华南针毛鼠N.huang和海南社鼠5种;(2)安氏白腹鼠为同属体型最大,背毛颜色最暗淡,腹毛纯白色,前后足背呈饱满的浅灰棕褐色,尾上部末端约1/3或1/2截然变白;(3)川西白腹鼠腹毛纯白色,前足背白色,后足背中央具长条状深色纵斑,尾上下二色具白色尾梢,尾尖毛簇明显;(4)北社鼠与海南社鼠17项度量指标均无显著性差异,二者背毛黄棕色、腹毛淡黄白色,但北社鼠前后足背浅棕色至白色,尾上下二色明显,尾尖毛短而显稀疏,而海南社鼠前后足背颜色更深近与体背同色,尾仅后半段呈上下二色;(5)华南针毛鼠背毛呈鲜亮的黄棕色,腹毛淡黄白色,前后足背白色,后足腕部有金色斑块,尾上下二色直至尾梢,尾尖毛极短,眶间宽均值最大。根据研究结果制定了四川省白腹鼠属物种分种检索表。To verify the species of the genus Niviventer in Sichuan Province and their morphological differences,the specimens stored in the Museum of Sichuan Academy of Forestry were evaluated using molecular and morphological methods.The results revealed(1)a new distribution record for N.lotipes,which leaves Sichuan with the other 4 species:N.andersoni,N.excelsior,N.confucianus,and N.huang;(2)N.andersoni is the largest and has a dull gray-brown color of dorsal hair with a sharply defined pure white venter,and the dorsal surface of fore and hind feet is light gray-brown.The last 1/3 or 1/2 upper parts of the tail is completely white;(3)N.excelsior has a sharply defined pure-white belly,white dorsal surface on the forefoot,a dark longitudinal patch on the dorsal hindfoot,and a bicolor tail with a white tufted tip;(4)no significant difference was observed in the 17 measurements between N.confucianus and N.lotipes.Moreover,the dorsal surfaces of the two species are yellowish brown and bellies are yellowish white.Differently,the dorsum of the feet of N.confucianus is light brown to white,and the tail is clearly bicolor with a short and sparse tuft.By contrast,the dorsum color of the feet of N.lotipes is darker,and the second half of the tail is bicolor;(5)the dorsum of N.huang is bright yellowish brown and the belly is yellowish white.Its feet are generally whitish,with a golden patch on the dorsal surface of the metatarsus,and its sharply bicolored tail is dark brown in dorsal view,yellowish white in ventral view,and with a short tuft at the tip.The mean minimal interorbital width of N.huang is the greatest among the 5 species.Moreover,an identification key for genus Niviventer in Sichuan Province was provided.

关 键 词：白腹鼠属 海南社鼠 形态学 cyt b 检索表 

分 类 号：Q959.837[生物学—动物学]