新疆油田污水成垢机理分析及结垢因素研究  

Study on Scaling Mechanism and Scaling Factors of Sewage in Xinjiang Oilfield

作　　者：斯绍雄 向煜琪 兰文娟 张玉敏 林莉莉 严忠 吕祥鸿[4] SI Shaoxiong;XIANG Yuqi;LAN Wenjuan;ZHANG Yumin;LIN Lili;YAN Zhong;LYU Xianghong(Research Institute of Experiment and Detection of Xinjiang Oilfield Co.,Ltd.,CNPC;Oil and Gas Field Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;No.1 Oil Production Operation Area of No.1 Oil Production Plant of Xinjiang Oilfield Company;School of Materials Science and Engineering of Xi'an Shiyou University)

机构地区：[1]中国石油新疆油田分公司实验检测研究院 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区油气田环保节能工程研究中心 [3]新疆油田公司采油一厂第一采油作业区 [4]西安石油大学材料科学与工程学院

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2023年第1期36-42,共7页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51902254);中国石油新疆油田分公司科研攻关项目(20200505030100)。

摘　　要：为深入研究油田污水结垢过程和不同工况下对结垢速率的影响,采用逐层(四层)实验分析和室内模拟方法,结合扫描电镜和XRD等检测手段分析发现,结垢产物从钢壁接触的氧化皮层(第一层)到中心孔垢样(第四层)中的有机物含量逐渐增加。第一层垢样大部分由腐蚀产物氧化铁和碳酸铁组成,结垢产物如CaCO_(3)出现在第二层;从第二层到第四层的CaCO_(3)含量增加,其晶相从球霰石转为文石。第四层垢样出现了Ca、Fe、Si、O的复合盐垢,表明腐蚀产物在结垢产物前形成。进一步对不同条件下污水管线中CaCO_(3)垢的成垢速率进行研究,结果表明:温度越高,碳钢、玻璃钢和涂层三种材质的CaCO_(3)垢成垢速率越大,增幅最大的为碳钢材质;压力越低,CaCO_(3)垢结垢速率越大,不同材质增幅接近;材质表面水流流速越大,CaCO_(3)垢结垢速率越小;温度对CaCO_(3)垢的成垢速率影响比压力和流速的影响更为显著。因此,保持油田管线中水温稳定、避免压力和流速剧降,可有效避免管线中CaCO_(3)的沉积结垢。In order to deeply study the scaling process of oilfield sewage and the influence of different working conditions on the scaling rate,layer-by-layer(four-layer) experimental analysis and indoor simulation methods are used to analyze the scaling products contacted from the steel wall by means of scanning electron microscope and XRD. It is found that the content of organic matter in scale products increases gradually from the oxidized layer(the 1st layer) contacted by steel wall to the central hole scale sample(the 4th layer). Most of the 1st layer scale sample are composed of corrosion products(iron oxide and iron carbonate),while CaCO_(3)appears in the 2nd layer. The content of CaCO_(3)from the 2nd layer to the 4th layer increases,and its crystal phase changes from vaterite to aragonite. The compound salt scale of Ca, Fe, Si, and O appears in the 4th layer of scale sample, indicating that the corrosion products are formed before scaling products. Furthermore, the scaling rate of CaCO_(3)scale in sewage pipelines under different conditions is studied. The results show that increasing the temperature increases the CaCO_(3)scaling rate of carbon steel,glass fiber reinforced plastic and coating,and the carbon steel material has the largest increase. Lowering the pressure increases the CaCO_(3)scaling rate,and the increase of different materials is close. Increasing the water flow velocity on the material surface decreases the CaCO_(3)scaling rate. The effect of temperature on the scaling rate of CaCO_(3)scale is more significant than that of pressure and flow velocity. Therefore,keeping the water temperature in the oilfield pipeline stable and avoiding the sharp drop of pressure and flow rate can effectively avoid CaCO_(3)deposition and scaling in the pipeline.

关 键 词：油田污水 结垢速率 温度 压力 流速 

分 类 号：TE358.5[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]