5A01铝合金薄板激光摆动焊接接头微观组织与力学性能  

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5A01 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Joint Welded by Laser Oscillation Welding

作　　者：范霁康 马立 倪程 宋友民 王克鸿[1] FAN Jikang;MA Li;NI Cheng;SONG Youmin;WANG Kehong(The Key Laboratory of Controlled Arc Intelligent Additive Technology Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Kunshan Huaheng Welding Co.,Ltd.,Kunshan 215300,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学受控电弧智能增材技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,江苏南京210094 [2]昆山华恒焊接股份有限公司,江苏昆山215300

出　　处：《电焊机》2023年第1期38-43,共6页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：江苏省博士后基金(20190103);昆山头雁工程项目(KJJ20190007);昆山市重点研发计划项目(KJJZDYFKJZL2020003)。

摘　　要：传统弧焊焊接铝合金时易造成焊缝区晶粒粗大、产生气孔等缺陷。因此采用激光摆动焊对1.0 mm厚5A01铝合金薄板进行试验研究,并对接头微观组织及力学性能进行分析。结果表明,在表面聚焦条件下,当焊接速度40 mm/s,激光功率1600 W,脉冲频率5000 Hz,摆动频率110 Hz,摆动幅值0.5 mm时,能够获得成形良好、表面无缺陷的焊接接头;接头熔合区附近的晶体形态呈柱状晶,焊缝中心部位晶体生长为细小的等轴枝晶;从母材区向焊缝区硬度逐渐降低,接头抗拉强度约为母材的66%,断后伸长率约为母材的41%,断裂形式主要为韧窝断裂。接头力学性能明显下降,主要是由于气孔处易产生应力集中,且激光焊能量集中,导致薄板受热不均产生较大内应力。When aluminum alloy is welded by arc welding process,it is easy to cause coarse grain in the weld zone and produce defects such as pores and cracks.The laser oscillation welding tests of 1.0 mm thick 5A01 aluminum alloy sheet were carried out,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were studied.The results show that under the condition of surface focusing,when the robot speed is 40 mm/s,laser power is 1600 W,pulse frequency is 5000 Hz,swing frequency is 110 Hz,and swing amplitude is 0.5 mm,the joint with good formability can be obtained.It was found that the columnar grains grow mainly along the fusion zone and the weld center is mainly composed of fine equi-axed crystal.The hardness gradually decreases from the base metal zone to the weld zone.The tensile strength of the joint is about 66%of the base metal,and the elongation is about 41%of the base metal.The fracture form of the joint is dimple fracture.The mechanical properties of the joints are significantly reduced,mainly due to the stress concentration easily generated at the porosity and the concentrated energy of laser welding,resulting in uneven heating of the thin plate generating large internal stresses.

关 键 词：5A01铝合金 激光摆动焊 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG457.14[金属学及工艺—焊接]