东江流域典型毒害有机污染物的污染特征、来源及生态风险  

Pollution,source and ecological risk assessment of typical toxic organic pollutants in the Dongjiang River

作　　者：胡俊杰 兰善红[1] 康耿 高圆圆 温志良 吕小梅 张小磊 余应新 HU Junjie;LAN Shanhong;KANG Geng;GAO Yuanyuan;WEN Zhiliang;LÜXiaomei;ZHANG Xiaolei;YU Yingxin(Dongguan University of Technology,Dongguan 523808;Environmental Technology Center of Dongguan,Dongguan 523009;Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518055;Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006)

机构地区：[1]东莞理工学院,东莞523808 [2]东莞市生态环境技术中心,东莞523009 [3]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳),深圳518055 [4]广东工业大学,广州510006

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2022年第12期147-155,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(No.2019A1515110750,2021B1515140023);东莞市社会发展科技重点项目(No.2020507140150,20211800904652,20211800905532)。

摘　　要：东江是我国珠江水系的主要组成部分,是广东省重要的河流之一.由于珠江三角洲产业结构的转移,东江沿江的工业活动与人类活动导致毒害有机物的排放不断增加,随之而来的水环境安全问题备受关注.因此,本文研究了东江水体中4类典型毒害有机污染物,包括多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)、酚类内分泌干扰物(Phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals,PEDCs)、邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalates,PAEs)、多溴联苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)的污染水平、时空分布、潜在来源及生态风险.结果表明,东江水体中PEDCs浓度最高,其次是PAEs与PAHs,PBDEs浓度相对较低.水体中PEDCs、PAEs与PAHs浓度呈现显著的季节差异,枯水期浓度显著高于丰水期浓度.下游各类污染物浓度明显高于上游和中游.东江水体中PBDEs主要来源于十溴联苯醚的生产与使用;PAHs主要来源于化石燃料和生物质的燃烧,其次是燃烧源和石油的混合物,以及石油源;PAEs污染主要来自化妆品、药品和个人护理用品等生活垃圾,以及塑料工业.运用风险商值分析了各污染物的水生生态风险,发现4-正壬基酚(4-Nonylphenol,4-NP)与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)对东江水体中生物可能造成极大的生态风险,其次是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(Dioctyl phthalate,DOP),其它化合物主要存在低到中等风险.因此,针对高风险物质,有必要实施有效的环境法规及处理技术以改善东江的水生环境.The Dongjiang River,as the major component of the Pearl River water system,is one of the most important rivers in Guangdong Province.Due to the shift of industrial structure in the Pearl River Delta,industrial activities and human activities along the Dongjiang River have resulted in the increased discharge of toxic organic pollutants.Therefore,the water safety should be raised more concern.In the present study,the concentration,spatial and temporal distribution,potential sources and ecological risks of four types of toxic organic pollutants,including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals(PEDCs),phthalates(PAEs)and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in water of the Dongjiang River were assessed.Results indicated that PEDCs pollution was serious,followed by PAEs and PAHs,and lower contamination was PBDEs.PEDCs,PAEs and PAHs showed significant seasonal differences,with concentrations in dry season significantly higher than that in wet season.Contamination in the downstream were significantly higher than those in the upstream and midstream.PBDEs in Dongjiang River mainly originated from the production and use of BDE209.The main sources of PAHs were combustion of fossil fuels and biomass,followed by combustion sources and mixtures of petroleum,and petroleum sources.Pollution from PAEs mainly came from household waste such as cosmetics,pharmaceuticals and personal care products,and the plastics industry.Moreover,the ecological risk of each congener was analyzed based on risk quotient.4-nonylphenol and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate might pose a great ecological risk to aquatic organisms in the Dongjiang River,followed by dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate,while other congeners mainly posed a low to medium risk.Therefore,it is necessary to implement effective environmental regulations and treatment technologies for these high-risk chemicals to protect the aquatic environment of the Dongjiang River.

关 键 词：东江 毒害有机污染物 时空分布 源解析 生态风险 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]