国家公园生态产品价值核算  

Research on accounting of ecological products value in National Parks

作　　者：杜傲 沈钰仟 肖燚[1] 欧阳志云[1] DU Ao;SHEN Yuqian;XIAO Yi;OUYANG Zhiyun(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第1期208-218,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家公园研究院研究专项课项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-2021-003)。

摘　　要：生态产品是维系生态安全、保障生态调节功能、提供良好人居环境的自然要素,国家公园作为我国代表性生态系统、自然景观和遗产、野生动植物物种分布的重要区域,是生态产品的重要供给区域,在提供高质量调节服务和文化服务中发挥着重要作用。生态产品总值(GEP)是生态产品价值的总和,并能够客观反映生态系统状况和生态保护成效。以我国首批5处国家公园为研究对象,通过核算其2000年和2015年GEP,得出如下结论:(1)2015年国家公园总GEP为10813.6亿元,主导服务功能是水源涵养和气候调节,占总值的70.0%,单位面积GEP为652.0万元/km^(2),是全国均值的1.4倍。(2)三江源国家公园GEP最高(4547.7亿元),其次是大熊猫、海南热带雨林国家公园等;海南热带雨林国家公园单位面积GEP最高(5140.5万元/km^(2)),其次是武夷山、大熊猫国家公园等。(3)2000—2015年,国家公园GEP增长1.0%,单位面积GEP基本稳定,三江源和海南热带雨林国家公园增幅较大(3.1%和1.0%),而大熊猫国家公园有所下降(-2.0%),主要与地质灾害导致的森林、灌丛等生态系统面积减少有关。通过核算国家公园GEP,评估国家公园的生态保护成效,探究核算结果在其建设中的应用,推动国家公园的绿色发展及“两山”转化。Ecological products are nature elements that maintain ecological security,guarantee ecosystem service functions,and provide well living environments.National parks are the crucial areas for representative ecosystems,natural landscapes and heritages,and wildlife species,and also the main areas for ecological products supply in China which play an important role in providing high-quality ecological products.Gross Ecosystem Product(GEP)is the sum of the ecological products value and can reflect ecosystem status and protection effectiveness objectively.We took the first batch of national parks as the research objects and calculated the value of their ecological products.The conclusions were as follows.(1)The total GEP of the national parks was 1081.36 billion yuan,and the main ecosystem service functions were water retention(420.09 billion yuan)and climate regulation(336.69 billion yuan),both accounted for 70.0%;the GEP per unit area of the national park was 6.5 million yuan/km^(2) which was 1.4 times higher than the national average(4.8 million yuan/km^(2)).(2)Three-River-Source National Park had the highest GEP(454.77 billion yuan),and followed by Giant Panda and Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(278.14 billion yuan and 226.34 billion yuan);Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park had the highest GEP per unit area(51.41 million yuan/km^(2)),and followed by Wuyishan and Giant Panda National Park(48.16 million yuan/km^(2) and 12.23 million yuan/km^(2)).(3)From 2000 to 2015,the total GEP of national parks increased 1.0%,and the GEP per unit area was basically stable.The GEP of Three-River-Source and Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park increased significantly(3.1% and 1.0%),while Giant Panda National Park decreased 2.0%which mainly related to the reduction of the area of forests,shrubs and other ecosystems caused by geological disasters.By accounting of GEP,this paper aimed to assess the protection effectiveness of national parks,explore the results application in their construction,and promote green develo

关 键 词：国家公园 生态系统 生态产品价值 生态产品总值(GEP) 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]