任务共同体:对村“两委”组织形态的社会学解释  

Task Community:Sociological Analysis of the Organizational Form of“Village Committees”

作　　者：熊万胜[1,2] 黎雨 XIONG Wansheng;LI Yu

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学社会与公共管理学院 [2]华东理工大学中国城乡发展研究中心

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期142-155,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

摘　　要：本文所称的村级组织即口语中的村“两委”,是一种遍布全国却难以准确把握其本质的组织。本文尝试从组织社会学的视角对其组织形态作出初步解释。村级组织不仅在制度结构上以一套班子应对多头和多层上级组织,在人际关系上混合了干群之间的工作联系与私人联系,还必须面对多样和多变的功能与自然地趋于稳定的组织结构之间的内在张力。基于对这种内在张力的分析,本文提出“任务共同体”的概念,并以此对村级组织的组织形态进行初步界定。本文将村级组织视为一个包含人际关系差序格局的行动者系统,形成一个压力型体制与人际关系网络不断重构行动者系统内部行动伦理的任务共同体。由于不同区域的压力型体制和人际关系网络的差异,可以区分出科层化的、委员会特色的和民主合作的三种类型的任务共同体。The village-level organization mentioned in this paper is the“village committee”in spoken English,which is a kind of difficult organization all over the country.This paper tries to make a preliminary explanation of its organizational form from the perspective of organizational sociology.This paper notes that village-level organizations not only deal with the multi-level superior organizations in terms of the institutional structure,but also not only mix the working connection and the private contact in the interpersonal relationship,but also must face the internal tension between the diverse and changeable functions and the naturally stable organizational structure.Based on the analysis of this internal tension,this paper proposes that the concept of“task community”preliminarily defines the organization form of village-level organizations.This paper regards the village-level organization as an actor system containing the differential order pattern of interpersonal relations,forming a task community in which the pressure system and the interpersonal network constantly reconstruct the action ethics within the actor system.Due to the differences in stress systems and interpersonal networks in different regions,the three types of task communities are hierarchical,council-specific and democratic cooperative.

关 键 词：村“两委” 行动伦理 任务共同体 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] C91[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]