米兰·昆德拉小说中的现代“乌托邦”研究——以《玩笑》《不能承受的生命之轻》为中心  

Study of Modern Utopia in Milan Kundera s Novels——Centered on The Joke and the The Unbearable Lightness of Being

作　　者：薛展鸿 XUE Zhanhong(GuangDong University of Science&Technology,Dongguan 523083,China)

机构地区：[1]广东科技学院通识教育学院,广东东莞523083

出　　处：《南华大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期114-119,共6页Journal of University of South China(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：广东科技学院青年课题项目“乌托邦与反乌托邦的身体话语研究”资助(编号:GKY-2019KYQN-61)。

摘　　要：米兰·昆德拉以独特的诗性语言为读者构建出一个关于“存在”的小说世界。从昆德拉的小说创作与诗学入手,能发现其小说中具有“政治乌托邦”“情欲乌托邦”与“宗教乌托邦”等图景,它们都一致地指向同一主题:人的存在。因此本质上属于探究人类生存可能性的“存在乌托邦”。其笔下的现代“乌托邦”继承了乌托邦传统中的批判精神,具体体现为对极权主义政治的反讽、对“小说消亡论”的反击以及对欧洲现代性危机的思考。通过对“媚俗”的批判与对“幽默”的推崇,昆德拉小说中的现代“乌托邦”实现了对以往文学作品中形象稍显单薄、美学意蕴不足的“乌托邦”的审美超越。Milan Kundera has created a novel world about“being”with unique poetic language.Starting with Kundera s novels and poetics,it can be found that his novels have such scenes as political utopia,erotic utopia and religious utopia,which all point to the same subject:the existence of human.Therefore,they are the existential utopias that explore the possibility of human existence.His modern utopia inherits the critical spirit of the utopian tradition,which is reflected in the irony of totalitarian politics,the counterattack to the theory of“the extinction of novels”and the reflection on the crisis of European modernity.By criticizing kitsch and promoting humor,the modern utopia in Kundera s novels realize the aesthetic transcendence of the utopia in the previous literary works.

关 键 词：米兰·昆德拉 乌托邦 存在 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]