空距收益与组织成本:派出组织因何设立或存废?——以需求溢出理论为分析视角  

Gap Benefits and Organizational Costs:Why Dispatch Organizations are Created or Abolished?——An Analytical Perspective on Need Spillover Theory

作　　者：刘太刚[1] 冯世腾 LIU Taigang;FENG Shiteng(School of Public Administration,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《行政论坛》2022年第6期127-136,共10页Administrative Tribune

基　　金：中国人民大学“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”项目“空距收益与组织成本理论的学理探析与应用”(2022047)。

摘　　要：派出组织作为一种非主流的下级组织类型在世界范围内由来已久,但关于其设立存废的逻辑始终缺乏一种有足够解释力的理论构建。文章从需求溢出理论的视角出发,基于派出组织与另外两种主流的下级组织形态(内设部门和全功能下层机关)的优劣比较,提出派出组织的设立存废取决于空距收益与组织成本二者间的双重考量,即空距收益与组织成本的分析框架。据此,作为治理目标的公共事务须通过与特定治理资源的对接才能实现治理,而特定资源与公共事务的对接通常会产生跨越空间距离的成本即空距成本,这种空距成本的降低即为空距收益,派出组织的特质使其不仅比内设部门更能降低空距成本进而产生空距收益,还比全功能下层机关更节约组织成本,正是因为空距收益和组织成本之间的这种双重考量,决定了派出组织是否设立或存废:只有当派出组织所产生的空距收益高于其组织成本时,派出组织才得以设立或存续;反之,派出组织则不应设立或应予以撤并。As a non-mainstream subordinate organization type,the dispatch organization has a long history in the world,but the logic of its establishment or abolition has not been sufficiently explained by a theoretical construction.From the perspective of the need spillover theory,this paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of dispatch organizations with two other mainstream subordinate organization types(internal departments and full-function subordinate organs),and proposes that the establishment or abolition of dispatch organizations depends on the dual consideration of the gap benefits and organizational costs,namely,the framework of analysis of gap benefits and organizational costs.Accordingly,public affairs as a governance goal can only be governed through the interface with specific governance resources,and the interface between specific resources and public affairs usually generates a cost across spatial distance,namely,the gap cost,and the reduction of this gap cost is the gap benefit.Compared to the internal departments,the characteristics of the dispatch organizations make it not only reduce the gap costs easier to generate the gap benefits,but also save the organization costs more than the full-function subordinate organs.It is because of this double consideration between gap benefits and organizational costs that determines whether a dispatch organization should be established or abolished:only when the gap benefits generated by a dispatch organization are higher than its organizational costs can a dispatch organization be found or retained;otherwise,a dispatch organization should not be established or should be abolished.

关 键 词：空距收益 空距成本 组织成本 派出组织 需求溢出理论 

分 类 号：D630.1[政治法律—政治学]