敏感性养育行为对儿童脑发育的影响及其神经机制与影响因素  

The Effects of Sensitive Parenting Behavior on Child’s Brain Development and Its Neural Mechanisms and Factors

作　　者：周加仙 徐宜兰[2] 张梦润 Zhou Jiaxian;Xu Yilan;Zhang Mengrun(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062 China;School of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014 China;School of Arts and Sciences,Shanghai New York University,Shanghai 200122 China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062 [2]山东师范大学生命科学学院,济南250014 [3]上海纽约大学文理学院,上海200122

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2023年第1期9-18,共10页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:61877019);国际脑研究组织—联合国教科文组织国际教育局项目(编号:4500341923)。

摘　　要：以父母为主的养护者的敏感性养育行为对儿童安全依恋的形成及其终身发展都具有重要作用。神经科学的研究更是进一步揭示了敏感性养育对儿童脑发育的积极影响和麻木不仁、虐待、干涉性等不敏感性养育对儿童脑发育的消极影响。以父母为主的养护者自身具有的情绪加工与调节系统、奖赏与动机系统、共情与心智化系统是促使其表现出敏感性养育行为的神经机制。养护者的身份、养护者是否患有精神障碍及其育儿效能感、育儿倦怠、育儿专注度都对养护者养育行为的敏感性有重要影响。基于神经科学的相关发现,父母应尽力发挥双亲共同育儿的敏感性养育优势,应在推进父亲参与养育的同时重视母亲的身心健康,应发动家庭其他成员建立共同敏感型育儿的家庭人际网络,以实现高质量的亲子互动,保证婴幼儿身心健康发展。Sensitive parenting behavior taken by child caregivers plays an important role in child’s attachment relationship and lifelong development.Researches in neural science have further shown that sensitive parenting behavior promotes child’s brain development while non-sensitive parenting would hinder the development of child’s brain.Sensitive parenting behavior relies on the support of caregivers’neural systems of emotion processing and regulation,reward and motivation,and empathy and mentalization,and is influenced by caregivers’identity,mental disorder,and parenting efficacy,burnout,concentration.To promote high-quality parent-child interaction,co-parenting,father’s involvement,mother’s physical and mental health,and the establishment of a common family interpersonal network should be paid attention to.

关 键 词：养育行为 养育方式 依恋关系 脑发育 神经同步 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G78[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]