高寒冷凉地区娃娃菜新品种引进及耐寒性鉴定  

Introduction and Cold Tolerance Identification of New Varieties of Baby Cabbage in the Plateau Cold Area

作　　者：魏廷珍 白成芳 周红伟 张生田 WEI Tingzhen;BAI Chengfang;ZHOU Hongwei;ZHANG Shengtian(Xining Vegetable Technical Service Center,Xining 810016,China;Xining National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Service Center,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]西宁市蔬菜技术服务中心,青海西宁810016 [2]西宁国家农业科技园区服务中心,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2023年第2期66-70,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：地方优势蔬菜标准化栽培技术集成及品牌创建项目(2020-NK-120)。

摘　　要：为进一步优化冷凉地区蔬菜品种种植结构,针对冷凉地区娃娃菜生产出现的品种混杂、抗寒性差、经济效益降低等问题,引进了8份娃娃菜新品种,在3个海拔均高于2 300 m的试验地开展了适宜高寒冷凉地区种植的娃娃菜新品种引进及耐寒性鉴定研究,对其在高寒冷凉地区的植物学性状、产量性状和耐寒性等性状进行综合分析,筛选适合高寒冷凉地区栽培的高产、优质、耐寒性好、适销对路的娃娃菜新品种。结果表明,供试娃娃菜品种在各试验地均能正常生长,生育期在69~78 d,未出现抽薹现象,结球率均为100%。绿荷金、小黄蜂等5个品种单球重约为1 kg左右,适合密植。从耐寒性鉴定结果来看,小黄蜂在芽期和苗期不同低温胁迫下均表现出较好的耐寒性,在苗期耐寒表现最好,低温处理12 h和24 h的冷害指数分别为0.44和0.58。综合来看,小黄蜂内叶色橘黄,生育期71 d左右,植物学性状、经济性状、综合性状表现较好,净菜率高、品质产量佳、耐寒性强,是适宜在高寒冷凉地区推广种植的优良品种。In order to further optimize the planting structure of vegetable varieties in the plateau cold area, eight new varieties of baby cabbage were introduced in response to the problems of mixed varieties, poor cold resistance and reduced economic benefits in the production of baby cabbage in the plateau cold area. The introduction and cold resistance identification of new varieties of baby cabbage suitable for planting in the plateau cold area were carried out in three experimental sites with an altitude higher than 2 300 m. Through comprehensive analysis of yield traits and cold tolerance, new varieties of baby cabbage with high yield, high quality, good cold tolerance and marketability suitable for cultivation in the plateau cold area were screened. The results showed that the varieties of baby cabbage tested could mature normally in the three experimental sites, the growth period was 69-78 days. Also, there was no bolting phenomenon, and the bulb rate was 100%. The single bulb weight of 5 varieties, such as Lyuhejin and Small Wasp, was about 1 kg, which was appropriate for dense planting. From the cold tolerance identification results, the Small Wasp showed good cold tolerance under different low temperature stresses at the bud stage and seedling stage, and showed the best cold tolerance at seedling stage. The cold injury indexes of 12 h and 24 h treatment were 0.44 and 0.58 respectively. In general, the inner leaves of Small Wasp are orange, and the growth period is about 71 days. It has acceptable performance in botanical, economic, and comprehensive traits, a high net vegetable rate, good quality and yield, and strong cold resistance. It is an excellent variety suitable for popularization and planting in the plateau cold area.

关 键 词：冷凉地区 娃娃菜 新品种 耐寒性 

分 类 号：S634.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]