电石渣等固体废弃物制备醋酸盐融雪剂的研究  

Preparation of Acetate Snow Melting Agent Using Solid Wastes Such as Carbide Slag

作　　者：雒锋[1] Luo Feng(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Jilin university,Changchun,Jilin 130021)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学材料科学与工程学院,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《非金属矿》2022年第6期6-9,共4页Non-Metallic Mines

基　　金：吉林省科技厅重点研发项目(20210203115SF)。

摘　　要：电石渣、硼泥和秸秆灰3种固体废弃物中含有一定量CaO、MgO、K_(2)O氧化物,利用上述氧化物与醋酸进行反应制备醋酸盐融雪剂,研究了反应温度、醋酸用量、反应时间及原料机械活化对醋酸盐产出率的影响。结果表明,以电石渣为原料时,醋酸盐产出率随温度的升高提高幅度较大;以秸秆灰为原料时,超过70℃醋酸盐产出率提高幅度减小;以硼泥为原料时,超过55℃时产出率变化不明显。醋酸用量超过理论值对醋酸盐产出率提高作用较小。机械活化秸秆灰和硼泥对醋酸盐的产出率有明显提高作用,硼泥效果不及秸秆灰。电石渣制备的产物为醋酸钙;秸秆灰制备的产物由醋酸钙、醋酸镁和少量的氯化钾组成;硼泥制备的产物主要物相为醋酸钙和醋酸镁。3种产物的融雪剂性能分析结果表明,电石渣产物的溶解速度、pH值和相对融雪化冰能力3项技术指标符合GB/T 23851-2017《融雪剂》,秸秆灰和硼泥产物的相对融雪化冰能力技术指标低于国标要求。According to the characteristics of existing of CaO,MgO and K_(2)O oxides in calcium carbide slag,boron slurry and straw ash,the above three solid wastes were used as raw materials to react with acetic acid to prepare acetate snow melting agent.The effects of reaction temperature,dosage of acetic acid,reaction time and mechanical activation of raw materials on the yield of acetate were studied.The experimental results showed that when the carbide slag was used as the raw material,the acetate yield increased greatly with the increase of temperature.When the straw ash was used as raw material,the increase rate of acetate decreased when the temperature exceeded 70℃.However,when the boron mud was used as raw material,the change of the acetate output rate was not obvious when the temperature exceeded 55℃.Exceeding the theoretical amount of acetic acid had little effect on the improvement of acetate yield.Mechanically activated straw ash and boron mud could significantly improve the output rate of acetate,but the effect of boron slurry was lower than straw ash.The product prepared from carbide slag was calcium acetate.The product prepared from straw ash was composed of calcium acetate,magnesium acetate and a small amount of potassium chloride.The main phases of the product prepared from boron mud were calcium acetate and magnesium acetate.The snow-melting agents performance results of the three products showed that the dissolution rate,pH and relative snow-melting and ice-melting ability of the carbide slag products met the GB/T 23851-2017"snow-melting agent",the technical indicators of relative snow melting and ice melting ability of the straw ash and boron mud products were lower than the national standard requirements.

关 键 词：电石渣 秸秆灰 硼泥 醋酸盐 融雪剂 

分 类 号：X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程]