美国路漂文化与路漂文学的源流  

The Origin and Development of American Hobo Culture and Literature

作　　者：田俊武[1] TIAN Junwu

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2022年第4期46-56,共11页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金后期资助重大项目《美国20世纪经典文学中的旅行叙事研究》(项目编号:18JHQ004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：路漂(hobo)指涉季节性、迁徙性工人,他们从一个地方流落到另一个地方,寻找修建铁路、建造桥梁、收割庄稼、砍伐木材之类的季节性、临时性工作。他们拥有独立的路漂符码和专属路漂的行为准则,统称路漂文化。路漂文化诞生于美国内战之后,在20世纪30、40年代形成高潮,此后随着美国社会的阶层固化而走向式微。作为文学发生学的反映,路漂文学就是表现美国路漂行为和文化传统的一种文学范式,它伴随着美国路漂文化的兴起而产生,与美国社会抗议文学、迷惘一代文学、垮掉派文学等范式产生某种交集,形成集路漂、迷惘、抗议、垮掉等为一体的独特叙事形式。杰克·伦敦的《道路》、约翰·斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》、亨利·米勒的《北回归线》、杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等成为不同历史时期美国路漂文学的代表作。Hoboes refer to seasonal and migrant workers, who tramp from one place to another, seeking for temporary, seasonal jobs such as building roads and bridges, harvesting crops and lumbering. They have their own hobo codes and moral rules, which are called hobo culture. Hobo culture originated after the American Civil War, reached its peak in the 1930 s, and gradually declined with the rigidity of American classes. As a literary genesis of hobo culture, hobo literature is a genre that represents American hobo phenomena and hobo culture. It came into being with the rise of hobo culture, mingled itself with literature of social protests, the “Lost Generation”, and the “Beat Generation”, and formed a unique narrative of hoboes, the “Generation Lost”, protests, and the Beats, with Jack London’s The Road, John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, Henry Miller’s Tropic of Capricorn and Jack Kerouac’s On the Road being the representatives of American hobo literature in different periods.

关 键 词：路漂文化 路漂文学 源流 美国文学 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]